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Riflemen. 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

PRESENTED  BY 

PROF. CHARLES  A.  KOFOID  AND 

MRS.  PRUDENCE  W.  KOFOID 


THE 


^oxmt  aittr  Stream 

Hand -Book  for  Riflemen. 


Giving  Forms  for  Organization  of  Rifle  Associations,  By-Laws,  Rules 

FOR  Practice  and  Competition  ;  Practical   Hints  concerning 

Ranges,  Targets,  Scoring,  Rifles,  Shooting,  etc.  ;  and 

a  List  of  Rifle  Associations  in  America. 


WITH  MAPS,  SKETCHES  AND  DIAGRAMS. 

By   Major  George   C.   Starr. 

Secretary,  American  Rifle  Association, 


NEW  YORK: 

J.  B.  FORD  (St*  company. 

1876. 


COPYRIGHT,   1870.      J.   B.    FORD  &  CO. 


CONTENTS. 


GV//77 
S7^ 


Part    I. — The  Rifle  and  Rifle  Associations 
Part  II. — Practical  Hints  for  Associations. 

Organization — By-Laws    . 

Incorporation 

Ranges  and  Targets . 

Accessories   .... 

Regulations  for  Matches,  etc.    . 
Part  III. — Hints  to  the  Amateur  Rifleman 

Choosing  a  Rifle   . 

Sights        ...... 

Cartridges     .... 

Personal  Suggestions 

Elevation  and  Wind-Allowances 

Teams       ..... 
List  of  American  Rifle  Clubs 


page  3 

8 

13 
13 

18 
20 

28 
30 
33 
34 
37 
39 
41-50 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


Map  of  Wimbledon  .         .         .         . 

View  of  Glendrake  Range 

End  View  of  Pit,  Iron  Target,  etc. 

Canvas  Targets  and  Frames 

Form  for  Match  Score  Card     . 

Targets — First,  Second  and  Third  Class 

Fore-Sight,  with  Wind  Gauge 

Classification  of  Fore-Sights 

Long  Range  Vernier  Rear-Sights    . 

Major  Henry  Fnlton's  Position   . 


page  4 

7 

.       15 

17 

.       19 

22,  23 

•  30 
31 

-  32 
36 


PREFACE. 


In  presenting  this  little  volume  to  the  Riflemen  of  America,  the 
author  does  not  claim  originality  for  all  the  matter  contained  in  it. 
His  object  has  been  simpljr  to  present  the  greatest  amount  of  prac- 
tical information,  particularly  as  regards  the  formation  of  clubs  and 
the  paraphernalia  required,  in  the  most  condensed  form.  To  Colonel 
Geo.  W.  Wingate,  Inspector-General  of  Rifle  Practice  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  the  author  is  indebted  for  valuable  hints  and  facts 
taken  from  his  admirable  ^'Manuaiy  He  would  also  make  similar 
acknowledgment  to  the  "  Forest  and  Stream,"  which  was  the 
first  newspaper  to  report  a  rifle  match  at  Creedmoor,  and  which 
since  that  time  has  been  foremost  among  its  fellows  in  earnest  effort 
to  promote  the  growth  of  Rifle  Shooting  in  America ;  and  the  title 
of  the  book  is  intended  merely  as  a  recognition  of  these  facts. 
Wherever  the  author  has  found  a  point  of  practical  value,  and 
capable  of  being  put  in  so  condensed  a  work  as  this,  he  has  noted  it 
down  in  its  proper  place  in  this  little  volume. 

In  brief,  the  aim  has  been  to  make  a  pocket  guide-book  of  handy 
reference  for  riflemen,  (especially  as  members  of  civil  Associations 
for  cultivating  this  manly  accomplishment,)  to  make  it  so  simple  and 
free  from  technicality  that  it  will  be  easily  intelligible,  and  to  put  it 
in  form  so  compact  that  it  can  be  furnished  at  a  sum  within  the 
easy  means  of  every  one  needing  the  information. 

Geo.  C.  Starr. 
New  York,  March,  1876. 


PART     I. 


THE   RIFLE,   AND   RIFLE   ASSOCIATIONS. 

To  shoot  well  is  becoming  of  as  much  importance  to  men  of 
to-day  as  it  was  to  men  of  a  century  ago.  He  who  by  his  steady 
hand  and  true  eye  shows  his  superior  marksmanship  will  always  find 
favor  in  the  eyes  of  his  countrymen. 

About  the  fifteenth  century,  Gaspard  ZoUer,  a  gunmaker  in 
Vienna,  to  facilitate  the  loading  of  his  guns,  and  to  permit  the  use 
of  tightly-fitting  bullets,  was  in  the  habit  of  grooving  the  barrels. 
When  the  grooves  were  made  so  as  to  form  a  spiral,  he  found  that 
greater  accuracy  was  obtained.  Thus  the  rifle  was  invented.  The 
conical  bullet  was  not  introduced  until  two  centuries  had  elapsed. 
Since  then  the  improvement  has  been  rapid.  The  flint-lock  rifle 
of  "  Hawk-Eye,"  so  deadly  at  one  hundred  yards,  has  given  place  to 
rifles  equally  accurate  at  over  a  thousand  yards.  The  old  muzzle- 
loader  is  fast  being  superseded  by  the  breech-loader,  and  numerous 
are  the  makers,  each  claiming  superiority  as  regards  accuracy  and 
finish. 

The  credit  of  having  first  systematized  rifle-practice  belongs  to 
England.  The  idea  of  forming  an  Association  for  the  encouragement 
of  rifle  shooting  was  first  practically  embodied  by  the  volunteers  as- 
sembled at  Hythe  for  instruction  in  musketry  in  July  and  August, 
1859.  They  formed  a  committee  to  give  eff"ect  to  their  views,  which 
joined  with  the  council  of  the  London  Rifle  Brigade  in  forming  the 
National  Rifle  Association.  The  first  meeting  was  held  at  the 
Spencer  House,  London,  when  it  was  resolved  to  hold  a  public 
meeting.  The  meeting  subsequently  took  place  at  the  Thatch 
House  Tavern,  London,  on  Nov.  16,  1859,  at  which  a  large  number 
of  the  leading  men  of  the  country  were  present.  Lord  Elcho  was 
chosen  Chairman,  and  the  Right  Hon.  Sidney  Herbert,  M.P.,  was 
made  President  of  the  Association. 

It  became  necessaiy  then  to  select  a  site  upon  which  to  estab- 
lish a  range.  Wimbledon  was  chosen  as  possessing  the  requisites  of 
space,  safety,  and  accessibility  to  the  metropolis.  On  the  following 
page  we  give  a  map  of  this  admirable  ground,  and  '  e  arrangement 
of  its  targets  and  ranges. 


The  first  prize  meeting,  which  was  a  great  success,  took  place 
July  2,  i860.  The  first  gun  was  fired  by  the  Queen,  who  thus  in- 
augurated the  new  Association.  From  the  first  annual  report  we 
find  that  the  total  number  of  members  was  1,387,  of  whom  285  were 
life  members ;  that  the  total  receipts  were  ^{^8,4 5 2  sterling ;  that  after 
all  expenses  were  paid  there  was  a  balance  of  £1,114.  sterling. 
From  the  last  report  (1875)  we  find  that  the  total  number  of  mem- 
bers was  3,115  ;  that  the  receipts  were  in  the  neighborhood  of  ;^20,- 
000,  while  the  expenditures  amounted  to  ;i^i6,ooo.  The  number  of 
entries  in  different  matches  was  105,462.  About  sixty-four  county 
and  thirty  colonial  Associations  are  connected  with  the  National 
Association,  and  its  popularity  and  importance  increase  yearly. 

In  this  country  the  National  Rifle  Association  was  organized  in 
New  York  City,  by  about  thirty  gentlemen,  June  10,  1870.  Gen. 
A.  E,  Burnside  was  the  first  President ;  Col.  Wm.  C.  Church,  of  the 
Army  and  Navy  Journal,  Vice-President  ;  Col.  Geo.  W.  Wingate, 
Secretary.  In  July,  1872,  Gen.  Burnside  resigned,  when  Col. 
Church  was  made  President,  and  Gen.  Alexander  Shaler,  Vice- 
President.  A  Bill  was  passed  in  May,  1872,  by  the  Legislature  of 
the  State  of  Nev/  York,  which  gave  the  Association  $25,000.  Ten 
thousand  more  was  added  by  the  Supervisors  of  New  York  and 
Brooklyn.  Finally,  seventy  acres  of  land  were  purchased  on  Long 
Island,  of  a  Mr.  Creed,  which  cost  $26,000.  It  was  christened 
Creedmoor,  after  its  first  owner.  The  tract  is  situated  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  Long  Island,  about  twelve  miles  from  Hunter's  Point. 
It  can  be  reached  by  taking  the  Ferry  at  James's  Slip  or  East 
Thirty-fourth  street,  New  York.  The  fare  to  Creedmoor  and  back, 
exclusive  of  ferriage,  to  those  who  purchase  excursion  tickets  is 
fifty  cents.  This  range  is  probably  the  finest  in  the  world.  It  is 
perfectly  level  ;  an  embankment  thirty  feet  high  is  built  across  the 
northern  portion,  at  the  foot  of  which  are  placed  the  targets.  At 
first,  great  difficulty  was  experienced  in  exciting  interest  in  rifle 
shooting ;  but,  by  liberal  offers,  emulation  has  been  aroused,  which, 
together  with  the  international  matches,  has  at  last  succeeded  in 
developing  a  great  interest  in  the  subject,  and  organizations  are 
springing  up  all  over  the  country. 

The  Amateur  Rifle  Club  was  organized  in  1872,  and  affiliated 
with  the  National  Rifle  Association,  using  the  range  at  Creedmoor 
for  practice  and  matches.  It  numbers  over  one  hundred  members, 
and  contains  as  many  good  long-range  shots  as  any  rifle  organization  in 


existence.  It  was  this  club  that  accepted  the  challenge  of  the  Irish 
Rifle  Team,  which  was  the  first  match  to  decide  the  championship 
of  the  world.  The  story  of  the  success  of  our  riflemen  in  their  con- 
tests at  Creedmoor,  on  Long  Island,  and  Dollymount,  in  Ireland, 
has  been  so  often  well  told,  and  has  become  such  a  household  topic, 
that  it  needs  no  repetition.  , 

The  American  Rifle  Association  was  organized  at  Mount  Vernon, 
Westchester  County,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  5,  1874,  mainly  through  the  efl"orts 
of  Captain  Frederick  Whittaker,  who  was  one  of  the  original  corpo- 
rators of  the  National  Rifle  Association.  With  considerable  pluck 
the  young  organization  began  work  at  once  upon  a  temporary  range  ; 
targets  were  erected  upon  the  new  Wimbledon  plan,  rules  were 
adopted  similar  to  the  revised  Wimbledon  rules,  and  matches  were 
held,  the  result  of  which  was  such  as  to  warrant  the  Directors  in 
securing  land  for  a  permanent  range.  They  succeeded  in  procuring 
sixty- three  acres  of  Mr.  Thomas  S.  Drake,  within  ten  minutes'  walk 
of  Pelhamville  depot,  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  and  Hartford 
Railroad,  the  distance  from  the  Grand  Central  Depot,  N.  Y.,  being 
about  fifteen  miles.  The  time  occupied  in  reaching  the  range  is 
about  thirty-five  minutes.  The  cost  to  those  who  purchase  excur- 
sion tickets  is  seventy-five  cents.  The  canvas  target,  and  the  tele- 
graph worked  by  a  corps  of  operators,  were  introduced  first  by  this 
Association  in  this  country.  In  honor  of  the  owner,  the  range  has 
been  called  Glen-Drake. 

Gen.  J.  Watts  De  Peyster,  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging  off"- 
hand  shooting,  presented  to  this  Association  a  medal  which  is  said 
to  be  the  most  artistic  and  handsome  ever  made  in  America  for  a 
similar  purpose. 

The  Yonkers  Rifle  Club,  with  their  range  at  Morsemere,  the 
Ausable  Valley  Rifle  Club,  the  Saratoga  Rifle  Club,  the  Holyoke 
Rifle  Club,  organized  soon  after ;  Waterbury  and  New  Haven 
placed  Connecticut  Associations  in  the  field  ;  San  Francisco  and 
Chicago  followed  suit  ;  and  little  Rhode  Island,  not  to  be  outdone, 
establishes  a  range,  perfect  in  every  respect,  under  the  charac- 
teristic name,  "  What-Cheer."  Every  month  adds  one  or  more 
Associations  to  the  list.  In  ten  years  from  this  time  the  probabili- 
ties are  that  the  United  States  can  boast  of  as  many  rifle  organiza- 
tions as  exist  at  present  in  the  rest  of  the  world. 


PART     II. 


PRACTICAL   HINTS   FOR   ASSOCIATIONS. 

ORGANIZATION. 

To  those  about  to  organize  themselves  into  an  Association  we 
give  the  following  advice  :  As  many  as  possible  meet  at  an  ap- 
pointed time,  adopt  By-Laws  (a  good  general  form  for  which  we 
give  below,  though  the  numbers  of  members  of  committees,  Boards, 
etc.,  must,  of  course,  depend  upon  the  size  of  the  organization  in 
each  case),  and  elect  officers. 


BY-LAWS. 

I.  NAME. 
This  Association  shall  be  called  the Rifle  -Association. 

II.  OBJECT. 

Its  objects  shall  be  to  promote  rifle  practice,  and  for  this  purpose  to  provide  a 
suitable  range  or  ranges,  in  a  convenient  location  in . 

III.  MEMBERS. 

The  number  of  members  sliall  be  unlimited,  unless  two-thirds  of  the  members 
present  at  a  special  meeting  shall  decide  otherwise. 

IV.  MANAGEMENT. 

1.  A  Board  of  Directors,  consisting  of members  elected  by  the  Association, 

shall  control  its  affairs,  take  cognizance  of  all  infractions  of  the  By-Laws,  and  fill 
vacancies  in  their  own  body  until' the  time  of  the  next  annual  meeting. 

2.  The  Oflicers  of  the  Board  shall  consist  of  a  President,  a  Vice-President,  a 
Treasurer,  and  a  Secretary,  which  officers  shall,  with  three  other  members  of  the 
Board  of  Directors,  constitute  an  Executive  Committee.  These  officers  and  the 
Directors  shall  be  elected  at  the  annual  meeting,  by  ballot  of  the  members  of  the 
Association  present,  a  clear  majority  of  the  votes  cast  being  requisite  to  a  choice. 

3.  A  quorum  of  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Board. 

4.  The  interpretation  of  the  Rules  and  By-Laws  shall  rest  with  the  Board  of 
Directors. 

5.  The  Board  of  Directors  may,  by  unanimous  vote  from  time  to  time,  elect 


Honorary  Directors,  not  to  exceed  in  number,  from  those  to  whom  in  their 

opinion  the  association  may  be  under  obligations  ;  such  Honorary  Directors  to 
hold  office  for  one  year.  Any  person  who  shall  pay  one  hundred  dollars  into  the 
Treasury  shall  be  elected  Honorary  Director  for  Life,  and  shall  be  provided  with  a 
suitable  badge  at  the  expense  of  the  Association.  Honorary  Directors  shall  be 
exempt  from  all  dues,  and  shall  be  entitled  to  a  voice  but  no  vote  at  the  meetings 
of  the  board. 

6.  The  following  Standing  Committees,  each  to  consist  of  three  members, 
shall  be  appointed  by  the  President  during  the  month  of  January  in  each  year: 
I.  Finance  Committee,  2.  Range  Committee. 

V.   DUTIES  OF  OFFICERS. 

1.  The  President  of  the  Association,  or  in  his  absence  the  Vice-President, 
shall  authorize  the  call  of  all  meetings  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  shall  have 

power  to  call  special  meetings  of  the  Association  at  the  request  of of  the 

Board  of  Directors  or members  of  the  Association. 

2.  The  Secretary  of  the  Association  shall  notify  each  member  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  of  all  its  meetings,  and  each  member  of  the  Association  of  every  meeting 
of  the  Association  ;  issue  all  other  authorized  notices  to  members  ;  make  and  keep 
a  true  record  of  all  meetings  of  the  Directors  and  of  the  Association ;  have  cus- 
tody of  the  books,  papers  and  corporate  seal  of  the  Association,  and  conduct  all 
correspondence. 

3.  The  Treasurer  shall  collect  and  have  charge  of  the  funds  of  the  Associa- 
tion, and  pay  such  bills  as  have  been  audited  by  the  Executive  Committee.  He 
shall  keep  the  accounts  of  all  his  transactions  and  make  a  detailed  report  thereof, 
with  vouchers  annexed,  at  each  regular  meeting  of  the  Directors  and  an  annual 
report  to  the  Association  at  its  annual  meeting.  He  shall  give  bonds  in  such  sum 
as  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Board  of  Directors. 

4.  The  Finance  Committee  shall  have  general  supervision  of  the  finances  of 
the  Association.  They  shall  from  time  to  time  examine  the  accounts  of  the 
Treasurer  and  keep  themselves  Ififormed  of  the  financial  condition  of  the  Associa- 
tion. To  this  committee  shall  be  referred  the  Treasurer's  reports  and  all  questions 
and  propositions  relating  to  the  finances  of  the  Association ;  and  no  obligation  of 
the  Association  beyond  those  necessary  for  current  wants  shall  be  made  until  the 
Finance  Committee  have  considered  and  reported  to  the  Executive  Committee 
upon  the  necessity  and  propriety  of  the  plan  proposed. 

5.  The  Range  Committee  shall  have  charge  of  the  groimds  and  all  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Association.  They  shall  recommend  fo  the  Board  of  Directors  such 
changes  and  improvements  as  in  their  judgments  are  necessary  or  desirable,  and 
shall  supervise  such  improvements,  and  direct  the  operations  of  the  men  employed. 
They  shall  keep  the  Range  sui  plied,  by  the  purchase  of  all  necessary  articles  for 
he  use  of  the  Range-keeper  and  the  Markers.  They  shall  keep  and  audit  all  claims 
and  bills  against  the  Association  for  supplies  used  at  the  Range,  and  endorse  all 
certificates  given  under  contracts  ;  and  no  such  bills,  claims,  or  certificates  shall 
bo  paid  until  so  audited  or  endorsed.  But  this  committee  shall  have  no  power  to 
make  contracts  or  purchases  in  the  name  of  the  Association  for  anything  more 
than  the  usual  supplies,  unless  the  same  is  authorized  and  ordered  by  a  formal 
vote  of  the  Executive  Committee.  They  shall  prescribe  the  duties,  and  direct 
and  regulate  the  services  of  the  Range-keeper  and  all  other  persons  employed  on 
the  Range.     They  shall  require  the  Range-keeper  to  make  monthly  returns  of  the 


property  in  his  charge  in  such  form  as  they  shall  prescribe,  which  returns  shall 
show: 

1.  The  amount;  of  property  on  hand  last  return. 

2.  The  amount  received  during  the  month. 

3.  The  amount  expended. 

4.  The  amount  sold. 

5.  The  amount  lost  or  destroyed. 

6.  The  amount  remaining  on  hand. 

Such  returns  shall  be  examined  and  endorsed  by  the  Committee  or  its  Chair- 
man, and  presented  regularly  to  the  Board  of  Directors  for  examination  and  filing. 
They  shall  make  such  temporary  rules  and  regulations  for  the  use  of  the  ground 
and  the  targets  as  shall  seem  necessary  to  ensure  the  most  privileges  to  the  greatest 
number.  They  shall  see  that  contracts  for  work  to  be  done  and  materials  to  be 
furnished,  and  agreements  for  rents  and  privileges  at  the  Range,  are  faithfully 
executed  ;  and  generally  do  and  perform  everything  needful  to  protect  the  interests 
of  the  Association,  and  secure  a  successful  management  of  the  Range. 

VI.    THE  BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

1.  The  stated  meetings  of  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  be  held  on  the  first 
Tuesday  of  each  month,  for  the  purpose  of  hearing  reports  from  Secretary^ 
Treasurer,  and  Committees,  and  taking  needful  action  thereon.  Special  meetings 
may  be  called  at  any  time  by  the  President,  or  in  his  absence,  by  the  Vice- 
President  ;  and  shall  be  called  by  either  of  them  upon  the  request  of  three  mem- 
bers. Notice  of  all  meetings  shall  be  given  in  writing  by  the  Secretary  to  each 
member  of  the  Board  through  the  Post  Office,  addressed  to  their  respective  places 
of  business  or  residences,  but  no  special  meeting  shall  be  held  except  upon  a 
previous  notice  of  at  least  two  days  to  each  member. 

2.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Executive  Committee  to  inquire  into  and  report 
to  the  Board  all  infractions  and  violations  of  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Asso- 
ciation by  any  of  its  members,  accompanied  by  any  recommendations  that  it  may 
deem  desirable.  It  shall  also  have  power  to  employ  and  at  pleasure  remove  all 
employees  needed  for  the  current  business  of  the  Association,  and  to  do  all  acts 
in  and  about  the  management  of  its  affairs  which  usually  pertain  to  the  duties 
of  an  executive  committee. 

3.  All  special  committees  for  any  purpose  shall  be  appointed  by  the  presiding 
officer. 

4.  Any  member  of  the  board  who  shall,  in  its  opinion,  conduct  himself  in  a 
manner  seriously  prejudicial  to  the  interests  of  the  Association  may  be  removed 
by  the  Board  of  Directors  at  any  stated  meeting,  provided  the  member  accused 
shall  have  at  least  ten  days  previously  been  notified  personally  in  writing  of  the 
charges  against  him,  and  a  hearing  given  him  thereon  at  a  stated  meeting  to  be 
therein  specified.  But  such  removal  can  only  be  effected  by  the  affirmative  vote 
of  at  least  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  of  the  Board. 

5.  Neglect  on  the  part  of  any  Director  to  attend  six  successive  meetings  of  the 
Board  shall  be  deemed  a  tender  of  his  resignation  of  his  office.  But  the  Board 
may  excuse  any  member  for  such  neglect,  and  before  his  resignation  is  accepted 
under  this  by-law,  the  member  in  default  must  be  specially  notified  of  such  default. 


6.  No  debt  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  shall  be  contracted  without  the  vote 
of  at  least  six  directors. 

VII.   RECORDS  AND  ACCOUNTS. 

Any  Director  or  any  member  of  the  Association  may  at  any  time  examine  the 
records  of  the  Secretary,  and  inspect  the  accounts  of  the  Treasurer. 

VIII.  MEMBERSHIP. 

Any  person  giving  his  name,  age  and  address  shall,  upon  paying  the  requisite 
dues,  become  a  member  of  the  Association,  subject  to  the  right  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  to  reject  his  name,  and  return  his  dues  in  case  they  shall  deem  it 
required  by  the  interests  of  the  Association. 

IX.   RIGHTS  AND  DUTIES  OF  MEMBERS. 

1.  All  members  of  the  Association  shall  be  entitled  to  equal  rights  and 
privileges. 

2.  The  annual  dues  shall  be dollars,  payable  in  advance  on  the  first  day 

of  January  in  each  year. 

3.  All  military  organizations  formed  under  State  or  United  States  laws  shall 
be  entitled  to  constitute  all  their  regular  members  in  good  standing  members  of 
this  Association,  on  the  payment  of  one-half  the  annual  dues  for  the  current  year 
for  each  member  present  at  the  annual  inspection.  All  moneys  paid  by  members 
of  such  organizations,  who  shall  previously  have  joined  as  individuals,  shall  be 
credited  to  the  aggregated  sum  to  be  paid  for  the  admission  of  said  regiment  or 
company.. 

4.  Any  enlisted  man  or  officer  of  any  regularly  organized  military  association 
may  become  a  member,  upon  presentation  to  the  Secretary  of  proper  proof  thereof 
and  the  payment  of dollars  annual  dues. 

5.  Any  member  can  become  a  member  for  life  by  the  payment  in  one  sum  of 
dollars,  and  shall  thereafter  be  exempt  from  all  dues  and  assessments. 

6.  Any  member,  regiment  or  company  who  shall  neglect  to  pay  any  indebted- 
ness to  the  Association  on  demand  shall  forfeit  his  or  their  membership  in  the 
Association,  and  cannot  be  reinstated  except  by  vote  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and 
payment  of  all  arrears. 

7.  No  member  shall  be  allowed  to  transfer  his  rights  of  membership. 

8.  Any  member  whose  conduct  shall  be  pronounced  by  vote  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  to  have  endangered,  or  be  likely  to  endanger,  the  welfare,  interest  or 
character  of  the  Association,  shall  forfeit  his  membership.  Such  vote  shall  not  be 
taken  without  giving  two  weeks'  notice  to  the  offender  of  the  charges  made  against 
him,  and  affording  him  an  opportunity  of  being  heard  in  his  defense. 

9.  Any  member  having  complaints  or  suggestions  to  make  to  the  management 
of  the  Association  must  do  so  in  writing  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

10.  No  member  shall  take  any  property  whatsoever  belonging  to  the  Associa- 
tion from  its  rooms  or  grounds,  except  on  the  authority  of  a  resolution  of  the 
Executive  Committee. 

11.  Any  member  wishing  to  resign  shall  hand  his  resignation  in  writing  to  the 
Secretary  ;  but  no  such  resignation  shall  be  accepted  until  all  debts  to  the  Associa- 
tion of  the  member  so  resigning  shall  have  been  paid. 


12.  All  rights  and  interests  of  a  member  in  the  property  and  privileges  of  the 
Association  shall  cease  with  the  termination  of  his  membership. 

X.  MEETINGS. 

1.  The  members  of  the  Association  shall  hold  an  annual  meeting  on  the 
second  Tuesday  of  January  in  each  year,  and  such  special  meetings  as  may  hf" 
called  pursuant  to  the  By-laws.  If  the  annual  meeting  cannct  take  place  at  the 
time  fixed,  it  shall  be  held  as  soon  after  as  convenient,  and  the  officers  and 
Directors  whose  terms  of  office  have  expired  shall  hold  over  until  their  successors 
are  appointed. 

2.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  President,  or,  in  his  absence,  of  the  Vice-President, 
to  call  a  meeting  of  the  Association  on  receiving  a  requisition  signed  by  ten  mem- 
bers. In  the  notice  calling  any  special  meeting  the  particular  subjects  to  be 
considered  shall  be  specified,  and  no  other  business  shall  be  transacted  at  such 
meeting  except  that  specified  in  the  notice. 

3.  members   present   at   any  special  or  general   meeting  shall  form  a 

quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

4.  At  no  meeting  of  the  Association  shall  any  subject  be  introduced  which 
does  not  relate  directly  to  its  affairs. 

XI.    THE  RIFLE  RANGE. 

1.  The  rifle  range  shall  be  under  the  direction  of  the  Range  Committee,  who 
shall  establish  rules  relating  to  its  management  and  shall  have  authority  to  employ 
such  markers  and  other  assistants  j::j  may  be  found  necessary. 

2.  The  scores  made  by  the  members  shall  be  recorded  in  such  manner  as  the 
Board  of  Directors  shall  from  time  to  time  prescribe.  In  case  of  a  challenge  given 
to  or  received  from  other  marksmen,  the  result  of  each  latest  consecutive  prac- 
tice of  each  member  shall  be  averaged,  and  the  representatives  of  the  Association 
shall  be  selected  by  the  Directors  in  the  order  of  merit  according  to  the  latest 
averages. 

3.  Payment  of  the  annual  subscription  is  necessary  to  entitle  a  member  to  the 
use  of  the  range.  Non-members  maybe  permitted  to  use  it  under  such  restric- 
tions and  on  payment  of  such  amount  as  the  Board  of  Directors  may  fix.  The 
range  shall  be  free  to  members  on  such  days  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  Board  ;  on 
other  days  each  member  shooting  must  pay  for  the  services  of  the  markers. 

4.  No  betting  shall  be  allowed  on  the  grounds  of  the  Association. 

XII.   AMENDMENTS  TO  BY-LAWS. 

To  amend  these  By-laws,  the  proposed  amendment  shall  be  subscribed  to  by 

at  least members,  and  by  them  presented  to  the  President,  who  shall  cause 

the  proposed  amendment,  with  the  signatures  thereto,  to  be  brought  before  the 
Board  of  Directors  at  the  next  meeting  thereafter.  In  case  the  Directors,  by  a 
majority  vote,  recommend  its  passage,  the  Secretary  shall  issue  notices,  enclosing 
a  copy  of  the  amendment,  to  all  the  members  of  the  Association,  and  a  vote  of 
two-thirds  of  all  the  members  present  at  the  next  annual  meeting,  or  at  a  special 
meeting  called  for  the  purpose,  in  favor  of  the  proposed  amendment,  shall  be 
requisite  for  its  passage. 


13 

INCORPORATION. 

Having  adopted  By-Laws,  then,  if  possible,  become  incorporated 
under  such  laws  as  the  State  may  provide.  In  New  York  such  or- 
ganizations may  become  incorporated  under  the  act  in  regard  to 
Clubs  and  Associations.     The  form  used  may  be  as  follows  : 

CERTIFICATE  OF  INCORPORATION 

State  of 
County  of 
Town  (or 
Village)  of 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents — That  we  the  undersigned,  ,  , 

being  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  the  S|ate  of ,  do  hereby,  pursuant  to 

and  in  conformity  with  an  Act  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of ,  entitled 

"■  An  Act,  etc.,"  passed  on  the day  of ,  eighteen  hundred  and , 

and  the  various  acts  of  said  Legislature  amendatory  thereof,  do  associate  ourselves 
together  and  form  a  body  politic  and  corporate,  and  so  certify  : 

That  the  corporate  name  by  which  said  society  shall  be  known  shall  be  "  The 

Rifle  Association."     The  object  for  which  said  Association  shall  he  formed 

is  the  improvement  of  its  members  in  marksmanship,  and  to  provide  a  suitable 

range  for  rifle  practice  in . 

That  the  number  of  Directors  who  shall  manage  the  affairs  of  the  Association 

shall  be . 

That  the  names  of  the  Directors  who  shall  manage  the  affairs  of  the  said 
Association  for  the  first  year  of  its  existence  shall  be  as  follov/s : 
[Names  of  Directors.] 
In  zvitness  whereof  we  have  hereunto  affixed  our  names. 
[Signatures  of  Incorporators.] 

The  signatures  of  the  Incorporators  should  be  acknowledged  before  a  Notary 
Public. 

RANGE   AND   TARGETS. 

The  next  step  should  be  the  selection  of  a  range.  In  all  cases  it 
is  better  to  lease  the  ground,  with  the  privilege  of  buying  at  some 
stated  price.  The  nature  of  the  ground  should  be  such  as  to  admit 
of  shooting  at  all  ranges  ;  it  never  should  be  less  than  500  yards  in 
length.  If  possible  it  should  lie  in  such  a  position  that  the  firing- 
point  and  target  shall  be  North  and  South.  If  the  targets  could  be 
placed  at  the  foot  of  a  hill  at  least  40  feet  in  height,  at  an  angle  of 
45  degrees,  it  would  save  the  expense  of  building  an  embankment, 
which  is  always  necessary  as  a  matter  of  safety. 

Having  procured  the  Range,  the  next  step  should  be  to  furnish 


14 

the  same.  The  first  thing  should  be  to  procure  Targets.  The 
Wimbledon  Targets,  recently  adopted  for  use  at  Creedmoor,  are 
described  in  the  Regulations  given  in  future  pages  ;  they  are  also 
intelligibly  illustrated. 

Targets  can  be  made  of  either  of  three  materials — iron,  canvas,  and 
wood.  The  first  material  has  been  considered  the  best ;  but  the 
second,  when  constructed  in  a  proper  manner,  has  many  advantages 
over  it.  Wooden  targets  should  be  used  for  temporary  purposes  only. 
The  iron  target  is  composed  of  slabs  of  wrought  iron,  which  should 
be  one-half  inch  thick,  six  feet  in  length  by  two  feet  in  breadth.  If 
procured  of  this  size,  by  joining,  targets  of  all  classes  can  be  made 
from  them.  The  cost  of  each  slab  is  about  $50.  The  targets  are 
placed  upon  a  platform,  set  at  right  angles  to  the  line  of  fire,  as  near 
perpendicular  as  possible,  and  braced  from  the  rear.  To  paint 
them,  use  the  following  compound  :  Two  quarts  of  whiting,  free 
from  lumps  ;  water  enough  to  make  the  whiting  moist ;  one  pound 
of  dissolved  glue,  added  when  fluid  ;  warm  water  poured  in  and 
mixed  till  the  consistency  of  the  mass  is  about  the  same  as  paste. 
With  this  paint  the  iron  all  over,  while  the  compound  is  warm. 
The  Bull's-eye  and  lines  can  be  painted  with  the  same  preparation 
colored  with  lamp-black. 

When  Iron  Targets  are  used,  it  is  necessary  to  have  a  shot-proof 
pit  or  a  hut  for  the  markers.  The  latter  is  apt  to  throw  a  shadow 
upon  the  target,  and  the  former  should  be  used  when  possible. 
To  prepare  the  pit,  excavate  a  trench  the  length  of  all  the  targets, 
8  feet  deep,  6  feet  wide  at  the  top,  4  feet  at  the  bottom,  including 
a  drain  i  foot  deep  below  the  board  floor;  20  feet  should  be 
allowed  between  every  two  targets.  The  trench  should  be  walled 
inside,  front  and  rear,  with  2-inch  plank,  securely  spiked  to  4-  by 
6-inch  scantling,  placed  4  feet  apart,  well  sunk  in  the  ground  at 
the  bottom,  and  held  apart  at  the  top  by  2-  by  8-inch  joists, 
well  spiked  on.  Over  these  joists  lay  a  roof  of  2-inch  plank, 
leaving  a  space  to  place  opposite  each  target  a  window  made 
of  i-inch  plate  glass,  12  by  24  inches  in  size.  In  the  roof 
place  a  trap-door,  16  inches  by  3  feet  long,  folding  back  on  the 
roof  towards  the  firing-point.  The  earth  taken  from  the  excava- 
tion should  be  thrown  in  front  of  it  and  well  stamped,  and 
riveted  with  turf.  Steps  and  entrance  to  the  pits  should  be 
made  from  the  end.  The  cost  as  given  above  is  about  $30  for 
each  12  feet.     The  glass  is  made  by  the  Lenox  Manufacturing  Co., 


15 


i6 

at  Lenox  Vale,  Mass.  ;  cost,  $3  per  window.  When  permanent  pits 
are  to  be  made  they  should  be  lined  with  stone  ;  in  which  case  the 
trench  must  be  dug  two  feet  wider  from  front  to  rear.  This  of 
course  is  more  costly.  The  diagram  on  page  15  will  show  the 
relative  positions  of  pit,  marker,  and  target. 

Each  pit  should  be  provided,  for  the  use  of  the  marker,  with  the 
following  articles  :  A  seat,  water,  a  pot  of  white  paint,  a  pot  of  black 
paint,  brushes,  a  danger-flag  of  red  cloth  or  flannel  3  by  4  feet,  and 
four  discs.  The  discs  should  be  made  18  inches  in  diameter,  of  tin 
or  sheet  iron.  They  should  be  painted  white,  red,  black  and  white 
(half  and  half)  and  black.  Upon  the  rear  center  of  each  disc 
should  be  placed  a  socket  into  which  should  be  fitted  a  sash  paint- 
brush 4  inches  long.  The  whole  should  be  securely  fastened  upon 
a  pole  7  feet  in  length.  This  is  for  the  marker  to  use  in  erasing 
the  marks  of  the  bullets,  the  color  of  the  disc  he  uses  showing  the 
value  of  the  shot.  Thus :  Bull's  Eye  counts  5,  signal.  White  Disc  ; 
Center,  4,  Red  Disc ;  Inner,  3,  White  and  Black  Disc  ;  Outer,  2, 
Black  Disc.  A  socket  for  the  danger-flag  should  be  placed  in 
front  of  each  target.  Extra  pots  of  paint  and  brushes  should  be  kept 
in  the  pit,  or  behind  the  butts.  Hammer  and  nails  and  a  white- 
wash brush  will  often  be  of  service. 

The  marker,  having  taken  his  place  in  the  pit,  closes  the  trap, 
and  when  the  bullet  strikes  the  target  he  sees  and  hears  the  splash 
upon  the  iron.  He  then  takes  the  appropriate  disc,  opens  the  trap, 
♦and  paints  out  with  the  brush  at  the  back  of  the  disc  the  mark  made 
by  the  bullet,  while  the  front  of  the  disc  shows  to  the  firing-point 
the  value  of  the  hit.  He  then  closes  the  trap  and  awaits  another 
shot.  In  no  case  should  he  leave  the  pit  without  displaying  the 
danger-flag. 

The  Canvas  Target,  which  is  in  use  at  Glen-Drake,  possesses  many 
advantages  over  Iron  Targets,  except  perhaps  for  the  longest  ranges. 
Safety,  reliability,  and  cheapness,  all  are  combined  in  it.  The  plan  of 
the  same  upon  page  17  explains  itself.  The  canvas  should  be  covered 
before  each  match  with  paper,  upon  which  should  be  painted  the  lines 
and  bull's-eye.  Simple  rye-flour  paste  will  hold  the  paper  firmly  to  the 
canvas.  The  cost  of  each  target-frame  and  one  third-class  and  one 
second-class  target,  made  so  as  to  run  in  the  same  frame,  together 
with  pulleys,  ropes,  and  weights,  is  about  $18.  The  pits  for  the  use  of 
the  target  should  be  made  of  the  same  size  as  that  previously  given 
for  the  Iron  Target.  There  is  no  necessity,  however,  for  covering 
the  top  of  the  pit  in  the  same  way,  or  using  any  trap  or  glass.     A 


17 


f] 


Third   Class   Canvas 
Tar(;et. 

a    Target  frame,  6  ft.  high,  4  ft. 
wide. 

d.    Running  sash   frame,   2  ft. 
high,  6  ft.  wide. 

b.  32  lb.   weight,    to    counter- 
balance frame. 

c.  Handle     on     running     sash 
frameT 


^feet 


Second  Class  Canvas  Target. 

a.  Target,  c,  c.  Posts,  8  ft.  high,  grooved  for  frame  to  run  in.  af,  d.  Pulleys  for 
weights.  ^,  e.  32  lb.  weights,  to  counterbalance  running  sash  frame,  8  ft.  high  by 
6  ft.  wide.    /.  Handle  for  marker's  use  in  lowering  frame. 


i8 

cover  of  wood,  hinged  in  the  center  so  as  to  fold  back  upon  itself, 
answers  for  shelter  for  the  marker ;  and  when  the  firing  is  over,  the 
target  may  be  pulled  down  into  the  pit,  the  cover  thrown  over  and 
locked.  Thus  the  pit  may  always  be  ready  for  the  marker  ;  the 
discs  and  other  articles  can  remain  safely  where  they  are  required. 
The  discs  which  are  used  for  the  iron  target  can  be  used,  but  need 
no  brush  upon  the  reverse  side  and  should  be  painted  the  appro- 
priate color  upon  both  sides. '  Notarial  seals,  white  or  black,  or 
round  pieces  of  paper  of  those  colors,  should  be  placed  in  the  pits, 
as  well  as  a  pot  of  paste.  When  the  target  is  struck,  the  marker 
raises  the  correct  disc  over  the  hole  made  in  the  canvas,  then  drops 
the  disc,  pulls  the  target  down,  wets  and  sticks  the  seal  over  the 
spot  struck.  A  white  one  should  be  placed  upon  the  white  portion, 
a  black  one  upon  the  bull's-eye.  He  then  pushes  up  the  target, 
which,  being  counter  balanced  by  the  32lb.  weights  on  each  side, 
easily  runs  up  in  the  frame  to  its  place  again,  and  awaits  the  next  shot. 
The  Wooden  Target  should  be  used  for  temporary  purposes  only 
It  is  best  made  of  blocks  of  wood  one  foot  in  length  (the  grain  of 
the  wood  running  with  the  length),  riveted  together  so  as  to  form  a 
solid  block.  The  marking  can  be  done  in  the  same  manner  as  is 
done  with  the  iron  target,  but  from  an  open  pit,  as  there  is  no 
danger  of  the  bullet  glancing.  The  cost  of  a  third-class  target  is 
about  $8.  The  size  of  targets  and  different  classes  of  them  are 
described  in  the  rules  and  regulations  annexed. 

ACCESSORIES. 

At  the  firing-point  it  is  necessary  to  have  a  danger-flag^  which 
should  be  placed  in  front  of  each  firing-point  when  a  marker  dis- 
plays the  danger-flag  at  the  targets  ;  a  rope  should  be  arranged  so 
as  to  exclude  all  but  the  marksman  and  scorekeeper  ;  a  table  large 
enough  to  receive  the  marksman's  rifle  and  traps ;  a  box  to  receive 
empty  shells  is  also  of  value.  In  addition,  each  scorekeeper  should 
be  provided  with  a  seat,  a  pencil,  a  board  for  score-cards,  a  copy  of 
rules  and  regulations,*  and  a  whistle.  The  Officer  of  the  Day  should 
be  provided  with  a  good  glass  to  enable  him  to  examine  the  targets. 
The  Secretary  should  issue  all  score-cards,  sighting-shot  tickets, 
and  ammunition.  He  should  have  a  score-book,  properly  ruled,  to 
enter  all  scores  made  in  matches  upon  the  range.  He  should  have 
also  a  trigger-test  to  examine  pull  of  trigger.  The  form  of  score- 
card  should  be  as  shown  on  the  following  page  : 


19 


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u> 

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en 

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1^ 

•These  score-cards  are  presented  by  the  holder  to  the  Officer  of 
the  Day,  who  assigns  him  to  the  proper  target  and  gives  the  score- 
card  to  the  score-keeper.  The  score-keeper  certifies  to  the  score 
being  correct,  and  returns  the  ticket  to  the  secretary. 

The  telegraph,  which  was  first  used  at  Glen  Drake,  is  a  valuable 
attachment  to  the  range.  The  cost  for  500  yards'  distance,  including 
batteries  and  two  instruments,  is  about  $60.  Information  will  be 
gladly  furnished  concerning  it  by  Lt.  Geo.  H.  Thompson,  President 
Manhattan  Telegraph  Institute,  New  York  City. 

Flagpoles  should  be  erected  upon  the  range  at  different  points,  so 
as  to  enable  the  marksmen  to  ascertain  the  direction  of  the  wind  at 
the  firing-points  ;  those  near  the  targets  should  be  of  red  material. 
The  National  Colors  should  also  be  displayed  on  Match  Days.  A 
Silicate  Score-Card  and  Target,  made  for  the  purpose  of  Record, 
will  also  be  needed  at  the  firing-points.  A  row  of  stakes  aligned 
from  the  center  of  each  target  should  be  placed,  50  yards  apart, 
back  to  the  most  distant  firing-point. 

In  all  associations  it  is  best  to  select  a  team  composed  of  the 
most  expert — in  large  associations  including  as  many  as  twelve  —who 
shall  elect  a  marksman  and  place  themselves  under  his  tuition.  It 
creates  emulation  for  the  honor  of  becoming  members  of  the  team, 
and  enables  the  association  more  readily  to  respond  to  any  chal- 
lenges. 

The  rules  and  regulations  governing  matches  which  are  annexed 
below  will  be  of  great  value.  They  are  those  adopted  by  the  Na- 
tional Rifle  Association  for  the  government  of  competitions  upon 
the  range  at  Creedmoor.  The  names  of  Gen.  Alex.  Shaler,  Presi- 
dent, and  Maj.  Henry  Fulton,  Secretary  of  that  Association,  will 
testify  to  the  practical  value  of  these  Regulations. 

REGULATIONS. 
I. — Management. 

1.  All  meetings  for  competitions  will  be  conducted  by  an  Executive  Officer, 
wearing  a  tri-colored  badge,  aided  by  a  Statistical  Officer,  wearing  a  blue  badge, 
and  assistants,  wearing  red  badges. 

2.  The  Executive  Officer  shall  have  control  of  the  range  for  the  conduct  of 
matches,  and  shall  give  such  directions  to  the  employees  of  the  Association  as  in 
his  judgment  are  necessarv  for  the  proper  management  of  the  same,  and  for  the 
preservation  of  order. 

3.  The   Executive   Officer  and  his  assistants  are  required   to  see  that  the 


21 

regulations,  and  such  regulations  as  the  Executive  Officer  may  give,  are  rigidly 
complied  with  by  competitors  and  all  other  persons  upon  the  range  grounds. 

4.  During  the  progress  of  a  match  they  will  see  that  no  one,  except  the  officers 
and  employees  of  the  Association,  the  competitors  and  the  score-keepers,  is  per- 
mitted within  the  ropes. 

5.  They  will  see  that  the  squads  of  competitors  are  stationed  not  less  than 
four  yards  in  rear  of  the  firing  points,  and  that  each  competitor  remains  there 
until  called  by  the  score-keeper  to  take  his  position  at  the  firing  point,  and  until 
he  has  completed  his  score.  The  score-keepers  will  be  seated  close  to  and  in  rear 
of  the  firing  point  stakes. 

6.  Score-keepers  shall,  as  each  shot  is  signaled,  call  in  a  loud  voice  the  name 
of  the  competitor  and  the  value  of  the  shot,  and  at  the  conclusion  of  the  score  of 
each  competitor  announce  in  like  manner  his  name  and  total  score. 

7.  All  competitors  shall  be  allowed  to  examine  the  records  of  the  score-keeper 
durmg  the  progress  of  the  match. 

8.  Any  competitor  feeling  himself  aggrieved  by  the  ruling  of  the  Executive 
Officer  may  make  to  the  Secretary  a  statement  of  his  grievances  in  writing,  giving 
the  names  of  two  or  more  witnesses  in  the  case,  which  shall  be  handed  at  once  to 
the  Executive  Committee  for  its  consideration.  The  decision  of  the  Executive 
Committee  shall  be  final,  subject,  however,  to  the  discretion  of  said  committee,  or 
any  two  members  of  it,  to  refer  the  matter  to  the  Board  of  Directors  for  its  decision. 

9.  The  Statistical  Officer  shall  have  charge  of  all  statistics  connected  with  the 
matches,  and  shall  direct  the  services  of  the  clerical  employees  at  the  spring  and 
fall  meetings. 

II. — Rifles. 

The  rifles  allowed  to  be  used  in  the  competitions  are — ist.  Military  Rifles ; 
2d.  Any  Rifle  ;  and  must  comply  with  the  following  conditions,  viz. : 

1.  Military  Rifles,  of  bona  fide  pattern,  minimum  pull  of  trigger  six  pounds, 
sights,  strictly  in  accordance  with  regulation  pattern.  Filing  any  of  the  sights,  or 
using  them  in  any  other  way  than  as  originally  intended,  is  prohibited,  except 
that  the  sliding-bar  of  the  rear  sight  may  be  inverted,  and  a  single  line  drawn  to 
mark  the  centre.  Sights  may  be  blackened,  but  not  whitened  or  colored.  Any 
pad  or  shoe  for  the  heel  of  the  butt  is  disallowed. 

2.  Any  Rifle,  maximum  weight  ten  pounds,  minimum  pull  of  trigger  three 
pounds,  sights  of  any  description,  except  telescope,  magnifying  and  such  front 
aperture  sights  as  solid  discs  or  bushes  pierced  in  the  centre,  which  cover  the  target 
so  as  to  conceal  the  danger  signal  when  displayed. 

3.  Competitors  shall  submit  their  rifles  and  ammunition  for  inspection  when- 
ever required. 

4.  No  hair  triggers  will  be  allowed. 

5.  No  fixed  artificial  rests  will  be  allowed. 

6.  In  competitions  restricted  to  breech-loading  rifles,  such  rifles  must  be  loaded 
from  the  breech  only. 

III. — Ammunition. 

•    I.  For  the  regular  National  Guard  competitions,  ammunition  will  be  furnished 
by  the  State  and  issued  to  competitors  on  the  ground. 


22 

2.  In  ail  other  competitions,  unless  otherwise  specified,  any  ammunition  may 
be  used,  and  must  be  provided  by  the  competitors. 

3.  Cartridges  may  be  purchased  at  the  office  of  the  Superintendent  on  the 
Range  Grounds. 

IV. — Targets. 

The  targets  are  divided  into  three  classes,  and  shall  be  of  the  following  sizes: 


I.   Third  Class^  to  be  used  at  all  distances  up  to  and  including  300  yards. — 
Target  4x6  feet. 

Bull's  eye,  circular,  8  inches  in  diameter.  I  Inner,  circular,  46  inches  in  diameter. 
Centre,  ''        26      ''  "  '  Outer,  square,  4  feet  x  6  feet. 


2.  Second  ClasSy  to  be  used  at  all  distances  over  300  to  and  including  600  yards, 
— Target  6x6  feet. 
Bull  s  eye,  circular,  22  inches  in  diameter.  I  Inner,  circular,  54  inches  in  diameter. 
Centre,  "         38       "  "  I  Outer,      "         70      "  " 


23 


3.  First  Class^  to  be  used  at  all  distances  over  600  yards. — Target  6  x  12  feet. 
Bull's  eye,  circular,  36  inches  in  diameter. 
Centre,  ''  54      ''  " 

Inner,  square,  6  feet  x  6  feet. 
Outer,      *'        6  feet  x  12  feet. 


Centre 

''       4 

Inner 

"       3 

Outer 

"       2 

Ricochet 

''     R 

V. — Marking,  Scoring  and  Signaling. 

1.  Bull's  eye  counts  5  ;  signal,  white   circular  disc. 
""      red  " 

'      white  and  black   " 
'      black  " 

red  flag  waved  twice  right  and  left  in  front  of 
the  target.     Ricochet  hits  will  be  marked  out  after  the  flag  signal. 

2.  When  a  shot  strikes  the  angle  iron  upon  which  the  target  stands,  the 
marker  will  open  the  trap  and  raise  and  lower  his  flag  three  times  in  front  of  the 
target. 

3.  When  a  shot  strikes  any  part  of  a  second-class  target  outside  of  the  boundary 
of  the  ''outer,"  he  will  open  the  trap,  so  as  to  display  the  trap  danger  signal  (red 
square  disc)  and  close  it  again  without  marking  out  the  hit. 

4.  Any  objection  to  the  scoring  of  a  shot  as  signaled,  or  to  one  not  signaled, 
must  be  made  before  another  shot  is  fired. 

5.  Any  alteration  of  a  scoring  ticket  must  be  witnessed  by  an  officer  in  charge 
of  the  f  ring  point,  and  endorsed  with  his  initials. 


VI. — Matches. 

1.  The  commencement  of  matches  at  the  Spring  and  Fall  meetings  will  be 
signaled  by  the  firing  of  two  guns,  15  minutes  apart.  The  first  will  be  the  signal 
for  competitors  and  score-keepers  to  assemble  at  the  firing  points,  and  the  second 
to  commence  firing. 

2.  The  matches  will  take  place,  if  possible,  in  the  order  named  in  the  pro- 
grammes. The  time  for  firing  them,  toeether  with  any  deviation  from  the 
programmes,  will  be  posted  upon  the  bulletin  board  as  long  beforehand  as  prac- 
ticable. ♦ 


24 

3.  Competitors  are  requested  to  frequently  examine  the  bulletin  board,  where 
they  will  learn  the  targets  to  which  they  are  assigned,  and  other  necessary 
information. 

4.  Temporary  discontinuance  of  matches  on  account  of  bad  weather,  which 
will  be  in  the  discretion  of  the  Executive  Officer,  and  discontinuance  for  noon-day 
intermission,  will  be  signaled  by  the  firing  of  a  gun.  In  each  case  the  competi- 
tions will  be  resumed  upon  the  firing  of  two  guns,  as  in  the  commencement. 

5.  No  practice  will  be  allowed  upon  the  range  on  any  of  the  days  of  the  meet- 
ings for  competitions.  This  does  not  apply  to  days  upon  which  special  matches  of 
the  Association,  or  of  affiliating  Associations  or  Clubs,  take  place. 


VII. — Entries. 

1.  For  the  State  prize,  and  all  other  competitions  open  to  National  Guard 
organizations,  the  teams  shall  (unless  otherwise  specified)  consist  of  twelve  from 
each  regiment,  battalion,  company  or  troop. 

2.  All  regimental  officers  shall  be  eligible  as  members  of  such  teams. 

3.  In  all  cases  competitors  for  the  State  or  other  prizes  offered  to  military 
organizations  must  be  regularly  enlisted  members  in  good  standing  of  the  regiment, 
battalion,  company  or  troop  which  they  represent,  and  shall  have  been  such  for  at 
least  three  months  prior  to  the  match  for  which  they  are  entered.  All  entries 
must  be  made  for  full  teams. 

4.  Entries  should  be  made  at  the  office  of  the  Association,  93  Nassau  Street, 
New  York,  at  least  two  days  preceding  the  commencement  of  the  meeting  at 
which  the  match  is  to  take  place.  A  charge  of  50  percent,  additional  will  be  made 
for  all  entries  made  after  that  time. 

5.  A  member  of  the  Association  entering  for  a  match  on  the  range  must 
exhibit  his  member's  badge. 

6.  A  register  ticket  may  be  transferred  at  any  time  before  the  firing  for  the 
match  has  commenced,  by  exchanging  it  at  the  office  of  the  Statistical  Officer  for 
one  having  the  name  of  the  new  holder.  Any  erasure,  or  the  substitution  of  one 
name  for  another,  will  render  the  ticket  invalid. 

7.  Competitors  who  are  prevented  from  being  present  at  any  meeting  shall 
have  the  entrance  fees  they  have  paid  returned  after  the  meeting,  provided  that 
they  send  their  tickets  and  give  written  notice  to  the  Secretary  before  the  day 
on  which  the  prize  for  which  they  have  entered  has  been  announced  for  com- 
petition. 

8.  Competitors  prevented  from  competing  by  illness  will  receive  back  their 
entrance  fees  in  full,  on  production  of  a  medical  certificate  and  their  entry  tickets. 

9.  Post  entries  are  those  made  after  the  entry  books  are  closed  at  the  office  of 
the  Association. 

10.  The  holders  of  post  entry  tickets  may  be  ordered  to  fire  whenever  target 
accommodation  can  be  provided. 

it.  Should  the  holders  of  post  entry  tickets  be  precluded  from  competing  by 
deficiency  of  target  accommodation,  their  entrance  fees  will  be  returned  to  them, 
the  Executive  Officer  not  being  able  to  guarantee  accommodation  for  all  such 
entries. 

12.  No  post  entries  shall  be  made  for  any  competition  ^ter  the  firing  in  such 
competition  has  commenced. 


25 

VIII.— Shooting. 

1.  Two  sighting  shots  shall  be  allowed  to  each  competitor  at  each  distance,  on 
payment  of  ten  cents  a  shot. 

2.  Tickets  for  the  sighting  shots  will  be  sold  upon  the  ground,  and  will  be  good 
for  any  match  during  the  meeting.  Competitors  must  decide,  before  firing,  upon 
the  number  of  sighting  shots  they  will  take,  and  hand  the  tickets  for  the  same  to 
the  scorer.     Sighting  shots  cannot  be  counted  upon  a  score. 

3.  Competitors  who,  at  the  close  of  the  firing  on  any  day,  have  not  completed 
the  number  of  rounds  prescribed  by  the  conditions  of  a  competition,  shall  be  allowed 
one  sighting  shot  when  such  competion  is  resumed,  without  charge. 

4.  In  all  National  Guard  competitions  the  competitors  shall  place  themselves 
at  the  firing  point  by  twos,  who  shall  fire  alternately  until  they  have  fired  all  their 
sighting  and  competitive  shots. 

5.  In  other  competitions  the  competitors  shall  fire  their  sighting  and  competi- 
tive shots  alternately  throughout  the  squad. 

6.  In  all  National  Guard  competitions,  competitors  shall  shoot  in  the  author- 
ized uniform  of  their  corps. 

7.  Competitors  may  wipe  or  clean  out  their  rifles  during  any  competition, 
except  those  restricted  to  the  use  of  military  rifles. 

8.  Whenever  the  danger  flag  is  displayed,  competitors  about  to  fire  will  be 
required  to  open  the  breech  block  of  their  rifles  (if  breech  loaders).  If  they  leave 
the  firing  point  they  must  draw  the  cartridge. 

9.  No  two  competitors  shall  be  allowed  to  shoot  with  the  same  rifle  in  the 
same  match. 

10.  Any  competitor  delaying  his  squad  may  be  passed  by.  In  no  case  will  the 
firing  be  delayed  to  enable  a  competitor  to  procure  a  rifle. 

IX. — Position. 

1.  In  all  matches  (except  those  for  cavalry  carbines)  the  position  up  to  and 
including  300  yards  shall  be  standing.  The  left  elbow  may  be  rested  against  the 
body,  provided  the  little  finger  of  the  left  hand  is  in  front  of  the  trigger  guard. 

2.  In  sU  National  Guard  infantry  matches,  at  400  yards,  the  position  shoA  be 
kneeling ;  at  distances  above  400  yards  any  position  may  be  taken  in  which  the 
head  is  towards  the  target. 

3.  In  cavalry  carbine  matches  the  positions,  at  200  yards,  shall  be  standing; 
at  300  yards,  kneeling ;  over  that  distance,  in  any  position  (as  prescribed  for 
infantry). 

4.  In  all  other  matches,  at  distances  above  300  yards,  any  position  may  be 
taken  without  artificial  rests  to  the  rifle  or  body. 

5.  One-armed  competitors  shall  be  allowed  to  use  false  arms  without  extra 
support  in  the  standing  and  kneeling  positions,  and  to  assume  any  position  in  the 
use  of  military  rifles,  at  distances  above  400  yards,  the  same  as  is  allowed  for  anj^ 
rifles. 

6.  Sighting  shots  may  be  fired  in  any  position,  without  artificial  rests, 

X.— Ties. 

I. — Ties  shall  be  decided  as  follows : 

A. — In  Individual  Shooting. 
I.  When  the  firing  takes  place  at  more  than  one  distance,  by  the  score  made 


26 

at  the  longest  distance  ;  and  if  still  a  tie,  and  there  be  three  distances  in  the  com- 
petition, by  the  score  at  the  second  distance. 

2.  By  the  fewest  misses. 

3.  By  the  fewest  outers. 

4.  By  the  fewest  inners. 

5.  By  the  fewest  centers. 

6.  If  still  a  lie,  by  inverse  order  of  shots,  counting  singly  from  the  last  to  the 
first. 

7.  By  firing  single  shots  at  the  longest  range. 

B. — In  Team  Shooting. 

1.  By  the  aggregate  scores  made  at  the  longest  distance. 

2.  By  the  fewest  misses. 

3.  By  the  fewest  outers. 

4.  By  the  fewest  inners. 

5.  Ey  the  fewest  centers. 

6.  By  the  competitor  on  each  side  who  has  made  the  highest  score  firing  five 
rounds  at  the  longest  distance. 

II. — The  names  of  competitors  who  have  to  shoot  off  ties  will  be  posted  on 
the  bulletin-board  as  seen  after  each  match  as  practicable. 

III. — When  the  ties  are  shot  off,  one  sighting  shot  shall  be  allowed  without 
charge. 

IV. — Competitors  not  present  at  the  firing  points  at  the  hour  named  for  shoot- 
ing off  ties  lose  their  right  to  shoot. 

V. — If,  having  forfeited  their  right  to  compete,  they  shall  still  be  v/ithin  the 
number  of  prize  winners,  they  shall  take  any  prize  that  may  be  allotted  to  them  by 
the  Executive  Committee. 

XI. — Prizes. 

1.  Prize  winners  will,  upon  application  to  the  Statistical  Officer  on  the  range, 
receive  certificates,  which  must  be  given  up  on  receiving  the  prizes. 

2.  Prizes  will  be  delivered  on  the  range  ground  at  the  close  of  the  meeting, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Executive  Officer. 

3.  The  principal  prizes  at  the  annual  Fall  meeting  will  be  formally  presented 
to  the  winners  at  the  State  Arsenal,  Seventh  Avenue,  comer  Thirty-fifth  street, 
N.  Y.,  on  the  Saturday  following  the  last  day  of  such  meeting,  at  8  P.  M.,  unless 
otherwise  announced.  Winners  who  will  be  unable  to  attend  are  requested  to  give 
notice  at  the  office  of  the  Association. 

4.  All  prizes  not  claimed  within  one  month  after  the  match  at  which  they  have 
been  won  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  Association. 

XII. — Penalties. 

Competitors  must  make  themselves  acquainted  with  the  regulations,  as  the 
plea  of  ignorance  of  them  will  not  be  entertained. 

1.  Any  competitor  who  fires  in  a  name  other  than  his  own,  or  fires  twice  for 
the  same  prize,  shall  be  disqualified  from  ever  again  competing  at  the  prize  meet- 
ings of  the  Association,  or  for  any  prize  offered  to  the  National  Guard  elsewhere. 

2.  Should  a  competitor  lose  his  register  ticket,  omit  to  take  it  to  the  firing 


27 

point,  fail  to  attend  at  the  prescribed  hour,  or  give  a  wrong  ticket,  and  so  by  his 
own  neglect  miss  the  opportunity  given  to  him  of  competing  for  the  prize  for  which 
his  ticket  was  issued,  his  claim  in  regard  to  such  competition  shall  be  cancelled. 

3.  Any  competitor  who  shall  be  detected  in  an  evasion  of  the  conditions  pre- 
scribed for  the  conduct  of  any  match  shall  be  disqualified  from  further  competition 
during  that  meeting,  and  forfeit  his  entrance  fees  ;  or  if  he  be  guilty  of  any  conduct 
considered  by  the  Executive  Committee  as  "discreditable,"  he  shall  be  disqualified 
from  ever  again  competing  at  the  N.  R.  A.  prize  meetings,  and  shall  forfeit  all 
l-rizes  won  by  him  at  the  current  meeting. 

4.  Any  member  of  a  squad  or  firing  party  who  shall  fire  a  shot  from  any  other 
firing  point  after  the  hour  prescribed  for  his  squad  to  fire,  and  before  he  has  com- 
pleted his  score  (except  in  pursuance  of  orders),  shall  be  disqualified  in  that  com- 
petition. 

5.  Any  competitor  discharging  his  rifle  accidentally,  either  by  his  own  want  of 
care,  or  by  reason  of  any  defect  in  the  rifle,  will  be  liable  to  disqualification. 

6.  Any  competitor  refusing  to  obey  any  instructions  of  the  Executive  Officer 
or  his  assistants,  or  violating  any  of  these  regulations,  or  being  guilty  of  unruly  or 
disorderly  conduct,  or  being  intoxicated,  will  be  immediately  ruled  out  of  all 
further  competition,  and  forfeit  his  entrance  fees. 

7.  Any  person,  whether  a  competitor  or  not,  interfering  with  any  of  the  firing 
squads,  or  annoying  them  in  any  way,  will  be  at  once  expelled  from  the  ground. 

8.  Any  competitor  firing  when  the  danger  flag  or  trap  disc  is  shown  at  the 
target  or  firing  point,  or  knowingly  discharging  his  rifle,  except  at  a  target  to  which 
he  has  been  assigned,  or  into  the  ground,  and  as  may  be  directed  by  an  officer, 
shall  be  debarred  from  all  further  competitions  during  the  meeting,  and  shall  forfeit 
his  entrance  fees.  This  shall  not  apply  to  a  competitor  accidentally  firing  at  the 
wrong  target  when  no  danger  disc  is  up. 

9.  Any  competitor  firing  on  a  wrong  target  in  any  match  will  be  fined  $3,  or 
will  be  debarred  from  further  competition  in  such  match,  or  both,  in  the  discretion 
of  the  Executive  Officer. 

10.  Any  person  discharging  a  rifle  or  snapping  a  cap  within  the  enclosure, 
except  in  accordance  with  the  regulations  for  shooting,  may,  at  the  discretion  of 
the  Executive  Officer,  be  required  to  leave  the  ground,  and  be  debarred  from 
further  competition. 

11.  Any  competitor  or  other  person  found  with -a  loaded  rifle,  except  at  the 
firing  points  and  when  about  to  shoot,  may  be  debarred  from  further  competition 
during  that  meeting. 

12.  Any  competitor  in  National  Guard  matches  using  any  other  ammunition 
than  that  issued  to  him  on  the  ground,  or  in  any  way  tampering  with  that  so 
issued,  shall  be  disqualified  for  all  future  military  matches. 


28 


PART     III. 


HINTS  TO  THE   AMATEUR   RIFLEMAN. 

"The  best  of  rifles  must  be  used  to  give  the  best  results."  The 
question  as  to  whether  the  muzzle-loader  or  the  breech-loader  is  of 
greater  accuracy  has  excited  much  discussion  ,  but  the  International 
matches  certainly  seem  to  have  decided  the  question  in  favor  of  the 
breech-loader  and  central-fire  cartridge.  To  -decide  upon  the  merits 
of  the  difl"erent  rifles  is  a  difiicult  task.  In  the  Forest  a?id  Stream  of 
November  4th,  1874,  is  an  excellent  editorial  upon  "  How  to  choose 
a  rifle.''     We  extract  from  it  the  following  valuable  suggestions  : 

"All  rifles  divide  themselves  into  two  great  classes — long  range 
and  short  range. 

"  The  first  rule  we  shall  lay  down  is  this  :  It  is  necessary  to  de- 
cide whether  you  want  a  rifle  for  long  or  for  short  range.  You  can 
select  either,  or  both,  but  not  in  the  same  rifle.  One  will  not  do  the 
work  of  the  other.  A  knowledge  of  this  will  save  much  annoyance 
and  some  money.  We  will  first  consider  the  requisites  of  a  short- 
range  rifle,  and  how  they  are  to  be  attained  in  practice,  i.  The 
first  requisite  is,  that  you  shall  be  able  to  hit  any  mark  small  enough 
to  be  seen  over  what  are  technically  called  *  hunting  sights,'  with  an 
off-hand  shot  from  the  shoulder.  Greater  accuracy  than  this  is  not 
needed.  Such  a  rifle  ought  to  shoot  close  enough  to  place  a  majority 
of  any  number  of  shots  within  the  folio vving  sized  targets:  2-inch 
ring  up  to  50  yards'  distance  ;  4-inch  do.,  100  yards  ;  6-inch  do.,  150 
yards  ;  and  8-inch  do.,  200  yards.  A  good  off-hand  shot  can  do  this 
and  fire  very  quickly,  and  his  gun  ought  to  be  able  to  shoot  as  close 
as  he  can  hold  it. 

"  2.  The  next  requisite  is,  that  the  trajectory  of  the  ball  should 
be  so  flat  within  the  above  ranges,  or,  in  other  words,  its  velocity  so 
great,  that  the  rifleman  should  not  be  obliged  to  depend  on  an  ele- 
vating back  sight,  raised  to  distances  before  ascertained,  but  should 
be  able,  by  merely  drawing  a  coarser  bead  the  farther  off  he  is,  to  hit 
his  mark. 

"  For  long  range  we  want  as  small  a  bore  as  possible,  as  long  a 


29 

projectile  as  possible,  and  a  very  quick  twist,  to  give  enough  velocity 
of  rotation  to  keep  the  elongated  projectile  end  foremost,  and  as 
much  powder  as  the  small  bore  will  burn.  The  result  is  a  moderate 
initial  velocity,  but,  owing  to  the  small  surface  exposed  to  the  resist- 
ance of  the  air,  the  momentum  of  the  heavy  projectile,  a  very  long 
range. 

"  Now,  for  a  short-range  rifle  we  require  the  very  opposite  of  all 
this.  We  want  as  large  a  caliber  as  possible  ;  as  large  a  charge  of 
powder  as  possible,  to  give  a  high  velocity,  without  which  we  cannot 
have  a  low  trajectory  ;  a  short  projectile,  to  diminish  the  friction  on 
the  grooves,  and  a  short  projectile  requires  a  slow  twist.  The  length 
of  the  rifle  barrel  must  be  shorter,  which  also  diminishes  friction. 
To  reduce  these  proportions  to  practice,  we  find  that  the  Cre^dmoor 
long-range  rifle  and  its  ammunition  have  the  following  proportions : 
Weight  of  rifle,  ten  lbs.  ;  weight  of  projectile,  550  grs.  (ratio,  1-6)  ; 
weight  of  powder,  go  grs.  ;  twist,  1  in  20  inches  ;  caliber,  44-100  ; 
length  of  ball,  i  6-10  inches  ;  length  of  barrel,  30  inches.  A  short- 
range  rifle,  suited  for  deer,  bears,  buffalo,  etc.,  should  have  the  fol- 
lowing :  Weight  of  rifle,  g  lbs.  ;  weight  of  projectile,  320  grs.  (ratio, 
3^) ;  weight  of  powder,  80 ;  twist  I  in  48  inches  ;  caliber,  55-100  ; 
length  of  projectile,  %  inch  ;  length  of  barrel,  24  inches. 

**  The  difference  in  the  practical  operation  of  the  two  rifles  will 
be  this :  With  the  long  range  weapon,  if  you  have  your  range  within 
a  very  few  yards,  and  elevate  your  back  sight  accordingly,  you  can 
make  accurate  shooting  at  all  ranges.  But  if  you  misjudge  your  dis- 
tance at  all,  or  even  if  you  know  it  and  have  not  time  to  elevate 
your  back  sight  to  its  proper  height,  you  will  certainly  either  shoot 
over  or  under.  With  a  short-range  rifle  proportioned  as  we  have 
described,  the  drop  of  the  ball,  owing  to  its  great  velocity,  is  so  little 
there  is  absolutely  no  judging  of  distance  required.  Whether  you 
are  at  25,  50,  75  or  100  yards,  all  you  have  to  do  is  to  draw  a  little 
coarser  bead  the  greater  the  distance  is.  Practice  will  soon  show 
you  how  much.  Your  ball  should  not  deviate  more  than  a  couple 
of  inches  above  or  below,  and  this  does  not  exceed  the  limit  of  accu- 
racy heretofore  laid  down. " 

Every  rifle  should  have  a  broad,  flat  butt. 

Having  selected  a  rifle,  find  out  what  it  is  worth  by  firing  ten 
shots  from  a  fixed  rest  at  each  of  the  ranges,  aiming  as  near  one  spot 
on  the  target  as  possible.  Thus  the  natural  deviation  of  the  rifle 
will  be  ascertained.     After  becoming  satisfied  that  the  rifle  is  a  godd 


30 

one,  stick  to  it  until  its  behavior  is  perfectly  known.  Then  go  to 
work  with  confidence,  and  if  a  shot  is  missed  the  rifleman  will  prob- 
ably find  that  the  fault  lies  in  himself,  not  in  the  rifle.  The  care  of 
the  rifle  should  be  a  great  point  with  its  owner ;  the  inside  of  the 
barrel  should  reflect  the  light  like  a  bright  and  polished  mirror  free 
from  dust  ;  no  dirt  should  be  allowed  in  the  grooves,  and  rust  should 
be  carefully  guarded  against.  All  parts  of  the  rifle  should  be  kept 
well  oiled,  and  to  prevent  rust  mercurial  ointment  should  be  rubbed 
over  the  metallic  parts.  A  wooden  cleaning-rod  should  in  all  cases 
be  used,  as  an  iron  one  is  apt  to  injure  and  scratch  the  barrel.  A 
wet  woollen  rag,  and  then  an  oiled  one,  should  be  used.  Always 
clean  from  the  breech  of  the  rifle. 


These  may  be  classed  into  two  kinds,  the  "  Open  Sight  "  and  the 
"Long-Range  Sight."  The  first  is  used  upon  all  military  rifles  and 
most  short-range  rifles.  The  sight  used  on  most  long  range  rifles  is 
the  "  peep  and  globe." 


Fore-sight,  with  Wind  Gauge. 


The  fore-sight,  placed  in  regular  position  on  the  rifle-barrel, 
is  made  to  move  from  right  to  left  by  a  screw,  and  has  a  scale 
marked  for  indicating  a  perfect  wind-allowance.  The  divisions 
upon  the  scale  are  about  1-40  of  an  inch,  each  equal  to  2  inches 
upon  the  target  at  eveiy  1 00  yards,  or  20  inches  at  1,000  yards,  on  a 
barrel  34  inches  in  length.  A  small  spirit  level  is  placed  upon  the 
rear  part  of  the  sight,  to  detect  change  of  elevation  from  turning  the 
rifle. 

Various  patterns  of  foresights  have  been  made  to  facilitate  the 
marksman's  labor  ;  but  some  are  so  marked  as  to  give  what  is  con- 
sidered an  unfair  advantaf^e.     The  National  Rifle  Association  has 


31 

drawn  a  distinct  line  between  these  two  general  styles, 
below  their  classification. 


We  give 


Classification  of  Fore-sights. 


The  best  rear  sight  is  made  on  a  fixed  upright,  with  a  Vernier  scale 
and  a  movable  eye-piece,  which  can  be  raised  or  lowered  so  as  to 
make  an  alteration  of  1-200  of  an  inch.  It  is  placed  generally  upon 
the  small  of  the  stock,  though  some  have  it  placed  upon  the  heel 
of  the  butt.  Under  the  latter  condition,  greater  allowance  for 
wind    and   elevation   is   required.       The    scales    are    divided    into 


32 


Rear  View. 


Side  View. 


Long  Range  Vernier  Rear  Sights. 


33 

"degrees  and  minutes"  on  the  Remington  rifles.  Each  minute 
represents  1-92  of  an  inch,  which,  on  a  34-inch  barrel,  is  equal 
to  I  and  I -1 8  of  an  inch  wind  allowance  on  the  target  for 
each  one  hundred  yards.  The  Sharp  rifles  have  divisions  on 
the  Vernier,  representing  i-ioo  of  an  inch,  equal  to  about  2  inches 
to  each  100  yards.  Having  once  ascertained  the  zero  of  the  • 
rifle — which  can  be  done  by  aiming,  from  a  fixed  rest,  at  a  small 
mark,  at  a  distance  short  enough  to  avoid  all  efl"ects  of  wind — the 
proper  elevation  for  different  distances  can  be  arrived  at  with  greater 
ease,  though  it  will  be  found  even  then  a  difficult  task  to  make  the 
proper  adjustment.  To  increase  the  size  of  the  eye-piece  and  to 
shield  the  eye  from  the  sun,  some  cut  a  hollow  rubber  ball  in  two 
and  screw  it  on  by  passing  the  screw  of  the  eye-piece  threw  it,  leav- 
ing the  open  part  of  ball  towards  the  eye.  Others  screw  a  broad 
piece  of  leather  upon  it  in  the  same  manner.  All  sights  should  be 
smoked  or  blackened  to  prevent  reflection.       (The  cuts  opposite  are 

Remingtons.) 

CARTRIDGES. 

Central  fire  cartridges  made  of  brass  are  by  all  acknowledged 
to  be  the  best.  The  shells  can  be  reloaded,  but  before  reloading 
they  should  be  carefully  examined.  If  they  have  become  expanded 
so  that  they  will  not  enter  the  loading  chamber,  they  should  be  cast 
aside.  To  cleanse  the  shells,  they  should  be  laid  in  warm  water 
very  shortly  after  use,  and  after  the  cap  or  primer  has  been  re- 
moved. A  brush  will  then  remove  anything  which  may  adhere  to 
the  shell  after  the  discharge.  If  wiped  with  a  woollen  rag  and 
allowed  to  dry  they  will  be  in  condition  10  reload.  Some  use 
vinegar  for  cleaning  shells  ;  others  use  a  mixture,  made  of  two  parts 
of  water,  two  parts  of  sulphuric  acid,  and  one  part  pulverized  bi- 
chromate of  potash,  and  afterward  wash  them  in  hot  water. 

Accurate  loading  is  necessary  to  insure  accurate  shooting.  The 
powder  should  be  of  rather  large  grain,  of  uniform  quality,  well 
mixed,  and  of  low  density.  It  should  be  kept  in  a  dry  place,  or  loss 
of  strength  will  be  the  result.  It  should  be  carefully  weighed  ;  or, 
what  is  far  easier  and  quite  as  trustworthy  (being  the  course  pur- 
sued by  some  of  the  most  renowned  riflemen),  it  may  be  measured 
by  flasks  made  for  the  purpose.  The  charge  of  powder  used  by  most 
long-range  shooters  is  90  grains.  Before  loading,  press  a  fresh  cap 
below  the  base  of  the  cartridge  with  a  primer. 


34 

Care  should  be  taken  not  to  press  the  powder  into  the  shell  so  as 
to  crush  the  grains,  which  would  impair  the  strength  of  the  powder. 
Swedged  and  patched  bullets  can  be  readily  obtained  ;  they  are 
long,  smooth  and  oval  at  the  point,  made  of  one  part  tin  to  twenty 
parts  lead.  They  should  weigh  about  550  grains  each.  The  bullet 
should  be  inserted  into  the  cartridge  upon  top  of  the  powder,  care 
being  taken  to  have  it  as  straight  as  possible.  A  paper  patch  is  used 
to  prevent  leading  of  the  barrel.  A  lubricating  wad  is  placed  by 
some  between  the  powder  and  the  ball,  but  the  greater  number  of 
shooters  have  dispensed  with  it. 

PERSONAL   SUGGESTIONS. 

Having  thus  briefly  noticed  the  rifle,  sights  and  cartridges,  we 
pass  to  the  marksman  himself.  His  food  should  be  of  a  plain,  sub- 
stantial character,  and  taken  at  regular  intervals.  Tobacco  in  excess 
should  be  avoided.  Stimulants  should  be  cast  aside  ;  for,  though 
abstaining  from  them  may  make  any  who  are  in  the  habit  of  using 
them  nervous  and  uncomfortable  for  a  while,  the  reward  for  the 
same  will  follow  in  clearer  vision  and  greater  steadiness.  The 
clothes  should  be  made  of  material  which  will  stand  the  wear  and 
tear  of  the  range.  They  should  be  as  easy  as  possible  about  the 
arms  and  throat.  In  all  cases  wear  heavy  boots  upon  the  range.  A 
rubber  blanket  and  woolen  rug  will  be  found  of  benefit  to  lie  upon. 
In  cold  weather  keep  as  warm  as  possible  and  protect  the  chest.  A 
close-fitting  cap  is  used  by  many  in  long-range  shooting.  The 
position  of  the  rifleman  at  short  ranges  or  off"  hand  is  such  as  requires 
considerable  practice  before  steadiness  can  be  obtained.  If  the 
little  finger  of  the  left  hand  is  in  front  of  the  trigger  guard,  the  left 
elbow  is  allowed  to  rest  upon  the  body.  The  regulation  position 
laid  down  in  Colonel  Wingate's  Manual  is  probably  the  best.  It  is 
as  follows :  "  Raise  the  piece  slightly  with  the  right  hand,  make  a 
half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left  heel ;  carry  the  right  foot  from 
twelve  to  eighteen  inches  to  the  rear,  bring  the  left  shoulder  well  to 
the  front,  the  feet* at  right  angles,  the  right  heel  a  little  to  the  right 
of  the  prolongation  of  the  left.  The  body  should  be  equally  and 
firmly  balanced  upon  both  feet  and  carried  naturally  upon  the  hips  ; 
•  drawing  in  the  stomach,  raising  the  breast  or  bending  the  back 
should  be  avoided.  Raise  the  rifle  smartly  in  front  of  the  right 
shoulder  to  full  extent  of  left  arm,  the  arms  moving  close  to  the 
body,  the  breach  sight  upright,  barrel  nearly  horizontal  and  pointing 


35 

a  few  inches  below  the  mark,  the  head  bent  slightly  forward  and  to 
the  right,  without  straining  the  neck.  The  left  eye  closed,  the  right 
directed  through  the  back  sight  at  a  point  just  below  the  bull's-eye, 
and  the  point  of  the  fore  sight  is  then  aligned  on  the  spot.  Place  the 
forefinger  around  the  trigger  like  a  hook,  the  middle  of  the  finger 
upon  the  curve  of  the  trigger.  Draw  a  moderately  deep  inhalation 
and  restrain  breathing  until  the  trigger  is  pulled.  Raise  the  muzzle 
steadily  with  the  left  hand  till  the  point  of  the  fore  sight  covers  the 
centre  of  the  object  and  is  in  line  with  it  and  the  rear  sight.  Then 
by  steady  contraction  the  piece  will  be  fired.  Continue  the  aim  for 
a  moment  and  observe  what  movement  has  been  made  by  the  piece 
by  the  fall  of  the  trigger." 

While  grasping  the  barrel  firmly  with  the  left  hand,  the  butt 
should  be  pressed  closely  to  the  hollow  of  the  shoulder  with  both 
hands,  though  some  prefer  to  use  only  the  right.  Care  should, 
however,  be  taken  not  to  press  hard  enough  to  throw  the  shoulder 
back  and  affect  the  equilibrium.  Practice  in  aiming  the  piece  at 
home  will  be  found  of  benefit.  Place  a  wafer  or  other  mark  upon 
the  wall ;  then  lay  an  old  copper  cent  upon  the  barrel  just  in  front  of 
the  sight,  aim  and  pull  the  trigger.  If  the  weapon  is  turned  or  the 
aim  unsteady  the  coin  will  fall  off.  Just  here  it  may  be  well  to  state 
that  no  hammer  should  be  allowed  to  fall  upon  the  breech  block 
unless  an  old  shell  is  first  introduced  into  the  loading  chamber  of 
the  barrel.  If  empty  there  is  no  resistance,  and  there  is  conse- 
quently danger  of  strain  to  the  firing  pin. 

The  candle  practice  is  also  excellent.  When  the  muzzle  is  held 
three  feet  from  a  lighted  candle  and  a  strong  cap  exploded,  the 
explosion  will  extinguish  the  flame,  provided  the  aim  has  been  taken 
upon  the  black  portion  of  the  wick  and  is  steady.  At  distances  over 
300  yards  "  any  position"  is  allowed,  provided,  however,  no  artificial 
rest  is  used.  In  the  kneeling  position,  by  sitting  firmly  upon  the 
right  heel  and  placing  the  elbow  well  in  front  of  the  left  knee,  a  fair 
rest  is  obtained.  The  sitting  position  is  but  seldom  used  ;  when  it 
is,  the  left  leg  should  be  in  a  line  with  the  target,  with  the  right  one 
at  right  angles  to  it.  The  elbows  are  placed  just  inside  the  knees 
and  the  body  is  bent  slightly  forward.  To  fire  lying  down,  it  is  best 
for  each  marksman  to  test  and  adopt  that  position  which  is  the  most 
comfortable  and  best  suited  to  himself.  The  military  position  is 
where  the  shooter  lies  upon  his  stomach,  the  body  curved  slightly 
to  the  left,  the  legs  more  so  and  well  separated,  the  toes  being 


o 


C4 
C 


37 

turned  outward  so  as  to  cause  the  body  to  hug  the  ground  as  closely 
as  possible.  The  left  elbow  should  be  kept  almost  straight  under 
the  rifle,  and  the  barrel  grasped  with  the  left  hand.  The  right 
elbow  should  be  placed  a  little  to  the  right.  The  right  shoulder 
well  raised,  so  as  to  protect  the  collar-bone.  The  rifle  must  be  held 
firmly  against  the  shoulder.  The  back  position  of  Major  Fulton, 
used  by  him  in  shooting  with  the  Remington  rifle  at  the  great 
matches  in  Ireland  and  England  [see  cut,  page  36],  is  probably 
the  best,  and  is  being  used  by  many  who  have  heretofore  used 
other  positions.  He  lies  on  his  back,  the  left  leg  under  the 
right  knee,  and  firmly  held  by  the  calf  of  the  right  leg.  The 
left  arm  is  placed  under  the  head,  the  left  hand  grasps  the  butt  of 
the  rifle,  the  barrel  of  the  rifle  resting  in  the  crotch  between  the 
knees.  The  right  hand  grasps  the  small  of  the  stock,  the  elbow 
rests  upon  the  ground.  The  right  side  of  the  head  touches  the  left 
side  of  the  butt,  the  head  turned  well  to  the  left  to  prevent  the  recoil 
of  the  piece  striking  the  jaw. 

ELEVATION  AND  ALLOWANCES. 

The  rifle  and  its  position  are  not  enough ;  it  becomes  the  duty  of 
the  marksman  to  obtain  also  such  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  nature 
as  will  allow  him  to  avail  himself  of  their  assistance  when  possible, 
and  to  surmount  their  obstructions  to  his  shooting.  It  is  necessaiy 
in  this  little  book,  where  only  a  general  idea  of  the  whole  subject  of 
rifle-shooting  can  be  given,  to  notice  the  points  most  important  as 
briefly  as  possible. 

The  trajectory  of  a  bullet  is  the  line  which  a  bullet  takes  in  its 
journey  from  rifle  to  target.  If  the  rifle  is  held  in  a  perfectly 
horizontal  position  when  fired,  the  bullet  commences  to  fall  at  once. 
In  one  second  it  will  have  fallen  about  16  feet,  in  two  seconds  about 
48  feet,  and  three  seconds  about  8o3^  feet.  To  counteract  this,  it  is 
necessary  to  give  a  variable  amount  of  elevation^  depending  on  the 
distance.  Some  rifles  have  a  higher  trajectory  than  others  ;  those 
having  a  low  trajectory  are  preferred,  as  the  course  taken  by  the  ball 
is  more  direct.  The  drift  of  the  rifle  is  the  deviation  caused  by  the 
twist  or  the  rifling  of  the  barrel  twisting  or  revolving  the  ball  in  one 
Qlirection  during  its  flight.  From  Wingate's  *'  Manual  of  Rifle 
Practiqe'^  we  extract  the  following  table  of 

ALLOWANCES  FOR   DRIFT   OF   RIFLE. 

Distance,  100  200  300  400  500  600  700  800  900  1,000  yards. 
Drift,       2    5    9   14   20   27   35   44   54     65  inches 

This  table  is  not  correct  for  every  rifle,  but  it  may  be  of  assist- 


38 

ance.  The  bullet  in  its  course  is  affected  by  the  wind.  The  least 
puff  is  sufficient  to  throw  the  ball  from  the  spot  aimed  at,  therefore 
allowance  must  be  made  for  wind,  and  constant  care  taken  of  its 
change  in  force  or  direction.  It  should  be  carefully  noticed  whether 
the  conformation  of  the  ground  is  such  as  will  cause  it  to  blow  with 
greater  force,  or  in  a  different  direction,  at  different  points  between 
the  shooter  and  target.  A  strong  wind  blowing  toward  the  firing 
point  from  the  target  depresses  the  bullet,  and,  in  accordance  with 
its  force,  more  elevation  is  required.  A  wind  from  rearward  assists 
the  bullet  to  rise,  and  consequently  less  elevation  is  required.  The 
following  tables  are  from  Wingate's  Manual : 

CLASSIFICATION  OF   WINDS. 

Gentle 4  miles  an  hour 1 

Moderate 10    "        "      '^     2 

Fresh 20    "        "      "     3 

Strone 35    "        "      "     4 

Very  high  ...50    "        "      "     5 

Gale 80    "        "     ''     6 

ALLOWANCES  FOR   CROSS-WIND   (IRRESPECTIVE  OF   DRIFT). 

Right  Wind. 


Force. 


Distance  (yards). 


Ft.  in. 


Ft.  in.       Ft.  in. 


Ft. 


Ft.  in. 


Ft.  in. 


200 
300 
400 
500 
600 
700 
800 
900 
1000 


o.  3 

o.  5 

0.  7 

O.IO 

1.  4 
1.  8 


3.  6 


0.5 
0.8 
i.o 
1.6 
2.0 
30 

5.6 
7.0 


0.7 
1.0 
1.6 
2.6 
36 
4-9 

8.6 

II. o 


0.9 
1.2 
2.0 
3.6 
50 
7.0 
9.0 
12.0 
16.0 


I.I 

1.9 
30 
S-o 
7  o 
9.0 
12.0 
16.0 
21.0 


1.4 
2.0 
4.0 
7.0 
10. o 
13  o 

17.0 
23.0 
30.0 


Left  Wind. 


Force. 


Distance  (yards). 

200 

300 

400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

1000 


Ft.  in. 


1.  6 
1. 10 

2.  6 
3-  o 
4.  o 


Ft.  in. 

0.6 
0.9 
1.2 


2-3 

4.6 
6.0 
7.6 


Ft.  in. 

0.8 
1.0 
2.0 
2.8 
4.0 
5.6 

9.6 
12.0 


Ft.  in. 


O.II 

1.  4 

2.  6 

5-  6 

8.  o 

10.  o 

13.  o 

17.  0 


Ft.  in. 

1-3 
2.0 

5-6 

8.0 
10.0 
130 
17.0 

22. 0 


Ft.  in. 

1.6 

4.6 
8.0 

II. o 

•14.6 
18.6 
25.0 
34.0 


39 

In  estimating  the  force  of  the  wind,  divide  it  as  classified  above, 
watch  its  effect  upon  the  smoke  at  the  firing  points  and  the  flags  at 
all  points.  The  direction  of  the  wind  may  be  indicated  by  holding 
a  watch  with  the  figure  XII  at  the  target  and  the  figure  VI  at  the 
firing  point,  and  recording  the  number  of  the  figure  from  which  the 
wind  blows.  It  is  well  also  to  study  the  effect  of  the  atmosphere 
and  light.  In  a  dry  atmosphere  a  rifle  fouls  more  than  in  a  damp 
air;  shots  in  the  former  will  average  less.  The  condition  of  the 
atmosphere  must  be  considered  also  in  adjusting  the  elevation.  If 
the  day  is  clear  and  bright  the  elevation  should  be  less  than  when 
the  sky  is  overcast.  The  refraction  upon  a  bright,  clear  day  causes 
the  targets  to  appear  to  be  elevated  above  their  real  position,  and  if 
the  average  elevation  were  used  the  shots  would  go  high.  On  dark, 
cloudy  days  the  targets  seem  further  distant  than  they  really  are  ; 
consequently  the  elevation  should  be  greater.  The  same  is  the  rule 
later  in  the  day  ;  when  the  sun  is  setting  the  targets  appear  lower. 
The  passing  of  clouds  may  obscure  or  light  up  the  target,  while  the 
firing  point  is  not  affected.  If  the  target  is  thrown  in  the  shade,  aim 
higher;  if  the  sun  lights  up  the  targets,  but  not  the  sights,  aim  lower. 
If  the  sun  shines  full  upon  the  sights  it  has  the  effect  of  lighting  up 
the  right  side  of  the  fore  sight  and  left  side  of  the  back  sight,  and  the 
result  is  that  the  ball  will  go  to  the  left.  (This  applies  to  open 
sights  only,  not  to  covered  long  range  sights.)  If  the  barrel  is  not 
cleaned  after  each  shot,  increased  elevation  each  time  it  is  fired  is 
necessary,  or  the  bullet  will  go  low.  Many  think  it  is  best  always 
to  aim  at  the  lower  left  hand  side  of  the  bull's  eye,  as  when  the 
sight  is  taken  on  the  bull's  eye  direct  the  fore  sight  disappears  or  a 
blur  exists  ;  the  former  aim  also  has  a  tendency  to  overcome  the 
drift  of  the  rifl^es.  Never  load  the  rifle  till  the  position  is  taken  at 
the  firing  point,  and  then  keep  it  at  half-cock  until  ready  to  aim. 
Never  fire  till  sure  the  aim  is  good.  Be  sure  the  sights  are  perpen- 
dicular. Keep  cool.  Never  take  advice  unless  satisfied  that  the 
party  giving  it  knows  more  than  you  do  yourself.  Allow  no  one  to 
handle  your  rifle.  Study,  practice,  and  keep  a  record  of  every  shot ; 
time  will  do  the  rest. 


All  teams  should  be  selected  from  the  most  tried  and  reliable 
shots.  The  captain  of  the  team  should  be  a  practical  rifleman. 
The  order  of  shooting  of  the  team  should  be  always  alike.     The 


40 

earliest  to  shoot  should  be  chosen  for  good  judgment  as  to  wind- 
allowance  and  elevation. .  They  should  be  followed  by  the  steady 
and  trustworthy  shots.  The  difference  in  elevation  and  wind  gauge 
of  each  man's  rifle  should  be  habitually  noted  by  the  captain,  so 
that  if  one  of  a  competing  team  makes  a  good  shot  the  others  can 
regulate  their  elevation,  &c.,  accordingly.  Change  of  wind  should 
be  communicated  at  once  to  those  about  to  fire.  A  miniature  target 
may  be  erected  at  the  firing  point,  upon  which  each  man  should  in- 
dicate where  his  shot  struck,  while  at  the  same  time  he  should  note 
in  columns  prepared  for  the  purpose  his  elevation  and  wind  gauge. 
Thus  every  rifleman  can  see  and  take  advantage  of  the  previous 
shots  without  asking  questions.  Colonel  Wingate,  than  whom  there 
is  no  better  authority,  says :  "  Discipline  and  union  in  a  team  will 
always  enable  inferior  marksmen  to  surpass  those  who  are  much 
better  individual  shots,  but  have  a  poorer  organization."  "  Com- 
ply strictly  and  honorably  with  every  rule  of  the  match,  and  never 
object  to  another's  conduct  unless  he  is  taking  an  unfair  advantage. 
There  is  no  nuisance  upon  a  range  like  a  chronic  protestor.  If 
you  are  a  better  shot  you  will  beat  him ;  if  not,  your  complaints  will 
come  with  bad  grace.  Do  not  experiment  in  a  match,  or  use  any 
rifle,  ammunition,  method  of  sighting,  or  position  that  you  are  not 
familiar  with.  And  finally,  if,  after  having  done  your  best,  you  are 
fairly  beaten,  own  up." 

To  which  may  be  added,  Congratulate  the  victor  J- 


41 
LIST   OF   AMERICAN   RIFLE   CLUBS. 


NEW  YORK. 


NATIONAL   RIFLE   ASSOCIATION. 

Office:  93  Nassau  St.,  N.Y. 

President,  Gen.  Alexander  Shaler ;  Secretary,  G.  S.  Schermerhom,  Jr. ;  Treasurer, 
Gen.  M.  T.  McMahon. 


AMATEUR  RIFLE   CLUB, 

Office :  III  Broadway. 

President,  Gen.  T.  S.  Dakin ;  Secretary,  W.  B.  Coughtry  ;  Treasurer,  A.  Alford. 


AMERICAN    OFF-HAND    RIFLE    CLUB. 

Office :  9  West  13th  St.,  N.Y. 
President,  W.  MacDonald  ;  Vice-President,  W.  B.  Farwell ;  Secretary,  A.J.  Hen- 
nion,  Jr. ;  Treasurer,  A.  Marsh  ;  Directors,  L.  C.  Bruce,  J.  S.  Conlin,  D.  L. 
Beckwith,  A.  G.  Hell  wig,  and  Geo.  W.  Hamilton. 


SEVENTH  REGIMENT  RIFLE   CLUB. 

Office :  16  &  18  Nassau  St.,  N.Y. 
President,  Col.  Emmons  Clark;    Vice-Presidents,  Capt.  C.  F.  Robbins,  I.R.P., 
and  E.   H.   Sandford ;    Secretary  and    Treasurer,   Daniel   Chauncey,  Jr.  ; 
Executive  Committee,  Dr.  Moreau  Morris,  Capt.  J.  C.  Abrams,  J.  P.  Bur- 
rell,  J.  P.  M.  Richards,  and  W.  B.  Coughtry. 


AMERICAN  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 
Office :  Mt.  Vernon,  Westchester  Co. 
President,  Col.  J.  T.  Underbill;  Vice-President,  Capt.  F.  Whittaker  ;  Secretary, 
Major  Geo.  O.  Starr ;  Treasurer,  Capt.  Geo.  H.  Thompson  ;  Directors,  Hon, 
S.  D.  Giffijrd,  Edward  Gay,  Hon.  Geo.  W.  Davids,  Homer  Fisher,  Hon. 
Chas.  M.  Scheiffelin,  Capt.  Chas.  J.  Chatfield,  David  F.  Davids,  Major 
Jno.  W.  Coburn,  Thos.  S.  Drake. 


YONKERS   RIFLE    ASSOCIATION. 
Office :  Yonkers,  Westchester  Co. 
President,  G.  L.  Morse ;  Vice-President,  Col.  M.  H.  Ellis  ;   Secretary,  H.  L. 
Garrison  ;  Treasurer,  W.  B.  Edgar ;  Directors,  Hon.  R.  P.  Getty,  M.  K. 
Couzens,  and  M.  Hughes, 


42 

THE  IRISH  AMERICAN  RIFLE  CLUB. 
Office  :  New  York  City. 
President,  Gen.  F.  F.  Millen  ;  Vice-President,  Col.  Bethel  Burton :  Secretary  and 
Treasurer,  Adjutant  Wm.  H.  Murphy. 


THIRD  DIVISION  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 
Office :  Albany,  N.Y. 
President,  Gen.  J.  F.  Rathbone  ;  Vice-President,  Col.  A.  H.  Taylor;  Secretary, 
Major  F.  P.  Wright ;  Treasurer,  Col.  Robt.  S.  Oliver ;  Directors,  Col.  Geo. 
W.  Wingate,  Major  J.  D.  Brooks,  Major  P.  C.  Bain,  Capt.  W.  E.  Fitch, 
F.  H.  Greer,  Major  H.  C.  Littlefield,  Col.  C.  H.  Coming,  and  Major  E. 
Bowditch. 

SARATOGA  RIFLE    CLUB. 
Office  :  Saratoga  Springs. 
President,  P.  J.  Pitney  ;  Vice-President,  J.  F.  Fairlay  ;  Secretary,  Odell  Gates ; 
Treasurer,  A.  F.  Mitchell. 

SEPARATE  TROOP  OF  CAVALRY  RIFLE  CLUB. 
President,  Capt.  Karl  Klein  :  Vice-President,  Major  Geo.  Aery  ;  Secretary,  C.  A. 
Nagel ;  Treasurer,  J.  P.  Munter. 

LEATHERSTOCKING  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Goshen,  N.Y. 


WAVERLY  RIFLE  CLUB. 
Waverly,  N.Y. 


SIXTH  DIVISION  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 

Syracuse,  N.Y. 
President,  Major-Gen.  D.  Wood  ;  Vice-Presidents,  Lt.-Col.  J.  Manning,  and  Col, 
J.  Dean  Hawley;   Secretary,    G.  W.  Edwards:   Treasurer,  Lt.-Col.  G. 
W.  Grouse. 


AMATEUR   RIFLE  CLUB. 

Syracuse,  N.Y. 
President,  A.  C.  Chase  ;  Secretary,  D.  H.  Bruce, 


EMPIRE  STATE    RIFLE  CLUB. 

Syracuse,   N.Y. 

President,  L.  J.  Peck ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  J.  A.  Nichols, 

RHINEBECK  RIFLE  CLUB. 
Rhinebeck,  N.Y. 
President,  Geo.  Esselstyne ;  Vice-President,  L.  H.  Livingstone ;  Secretary,  Geo. 
Tremper  ;  Treasurer,  J.  B.  Livingstone. 


43 

ROCHESTER  AMATEUR  CLUB. 

Rochester,  N.Y. 
President,  Dr.  C.  E.  Riders ;   Secretary  and  Treasurer,  E.  S.  Combs. 


JAMAICA  ROD  AND  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Jamaica,  Long  Island. 
President,  Geo.   H.   Creed ;    Vice-President,  Jno.   Fleming ;   Secretary,  W.   S. 
Elmendorf ;  Treasurer,  G.  W.  Damon  ;  Executive  Committee,  W.  S.  Cogs- 
well, J.  M.  Qrane,  J.  H.  Stuphin,  J.  P.  Darcy,  T.  Rogers,  A.  J.  Wilkinson, 
and  Jno.  B.  Fosdick. 

PLATTSBURGH  RIFLE  CLUB. 
President,  J.  McCaffrey ;  Vice-President,  C.  T.  Gunn ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
W.  A.  Percy. 

SCOTTISH  AMERICAN  RIFLE  CLUB. 

OflEice  :  211  Washington  St.,  N.Y. 
President :  Gen.  Marshall ;  Secretary,  Lieut.  James  T.  Shand. 

AUSABLE  VALLEY  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Keeseville,  Essex  Co.,  N.Y. 

President,  J.  L.  Purple ;  Vice-President,  Willis  Mould ;  Secretary,  T.  Madden  ; 

Treasurer,  G.  S.  Potter. 


MOUNT  VERNON  AMATEUR   RIFLE  CLUB. 

Mount  Vernon. 

President,  Z.  Close  ;  Secretary,  C.  Wilson. 


NEW  YORK  SCHUETZEN  CORPS. 
Office :  24  Market  St.,  N.Y. 
Captain,  Gen.  Aery;    Recording  Secretary,   B.  H.  Tienkin;    Financial  Secre- 
tary, L.  Meyer;  Treasurer,  F.  Harenburg;  Shooting  Masters,  J.  H.  Miiller, 
and  Philip  Klein  ;  Superintendent,  H.  Brummerhop. 


STATEN    ISLAND  SCHUETZEN  CORPS. 

Clifton,  Staten  Island. 
Captain,  F.  Barhmann ;  Shooting  Master,  Charles  Pruhl. 

NEW  YORK  CITY  SCHUETZEN  CORPS. 
Captain,  John  F.  Gerdes;  Recording  Secretary,  F.  W.  Schumacher;  Financial 
Secretary,  W.  Bindermann  ;  Treasurer,  H.  W.  Cords  ;  Superintendent,  J.  H. 
Witt ;  Shooting  Masters,  Charles  Keller  and  H.  Rubien. 


44 
MASSACHUSETTS. 


MASSACHUSETTS  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 

Office :  Boston,  Mass. 

President,  Gen.  H.  B.  Sargent :  Vice-Presidents,  Gen.  J.  A.  Cunningham,  and 
Col.  W.  V.  Hutchins  ;  Secretary,  Charles  A.  Sawyer ;  Treasurer,  F.  R. 
Shattuck  :  Directors,  The  Officers,  and  M.  T.  Donohoe,  Ezra  Tn;ll,  W.  A. 
Jackson,  C.  E.  Sanborn,  J.  H.  Hazleton,  J.  L.  Stevenson,  J.  T.  Eldridge, 
E.  M.  Messenger,  J.  B.  Osborne,  C.  Wheeler,  and  J.  E.  Kioke. 


BOSTON  HIGHLANDS  RIFLE  CLUB. 
Boston. 

President,  M.  W.  Costello ;  Vice-President,  P.  O.   Breen  ;  Secretary,  P.  Shea ; 
Treasurer,  R.  Timmons. 


HARVARD   COLLEGE  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Cambridge. 
President,  S.  Sherwood ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  W.  E.  Russell ;   Field  Inspec- 
tor, Sigoumey  Butler. 


CAMBRIDGE  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Cambridge. 

President,  Wm.  A.  Hayes,  Jr. ;  Secretary,  Jos.  B.  Russell ;  Treasurer,  Ruthven 
Drane  ;  Inspector,  Wm.  Brewster ;  Assistant  Inspector,  Fred.  Dodge. 

SPORTSMAN'S  CLUB  OF  TAUNTON. 
Taunton. 

President,  Henry  D.  Atwood  ;  Vice-President,  Col.  F.  Mason  ;  Secretary,  H.  P. 
Copeland  ;  Treasurer,  Edward  King ;  Executive  Committee,  Dr.  J.  W. 
Hayward,  J.  E.  Williams  and  James  A.  Woodward. 

MOUNT  WASHINGTON  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Haverhill. 

Secretary,  G.  H.  Mansar. 


WORCESTER  SPORTSMEN'S  CLUB 
Worcester. 


HOLYOKE  RIFLE  CLUB. 
Holyoke. 


45 
RHODE  ISLAND. 

RHODE  ISLAND  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 
Providence,  R.  I. 
President,  Maj.-Gen.  A.  E.  Burnside ;  Vice-Presidents,  Hon.  G.  F.  Wilson  and 
J.  B.  Anthony  ;  Secretary,  Capt.  E.  F.  Annable  ;  Treasurer,  A.  W.  Dennis ; 
Directors,  The  Officers,  and  Generals  Walker,  T.  W.  Chace,  F.  Miller,  H. 
Le  Favour,  J.  Shaw,  Jr.,  Colonels  E.  Dyer,  Jr.,  R.  R.  I.  Goddard,  A.  W. 
Crandall,  E.  L.  Freeman,  A.  C.  Eddy,  Major  H,  Hamehill,.  and  Messrs.  C. 
H.  Perkins  and  Newton  Dexter. 

RHODE  ISLAND  AMATEUR  RIFLE  CLUB. 
Office :  14  Westminster  St.,  Providence. 
President,  C.  H.  Perkins  ;  Vice-President,  F.  J.  Rabbath  ;  Secretary,  D.  A.  Keys  ; 
Treasurer,  G.  H.  Clark  ;  Executive  Committee,  E.  L.  Freeman,  John  Jiowe 
and  E.  Thomas. 


VERMONT. 

ETHAN  ALLEN  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 

Vergennes. 
President,  Charles  E.  Parker ;  Vice-President,  R.   M.    Clapp ;    Secretary    and 
Treasurer,  J.  S.  Hickok  ;  Directors,  The  Officers,  and  A.  A.  Arthur,  W.  S. 
Holland,  T.  C.  Middlebrook,  C.  W.  Strong,  James  Crane  and  J.  G.  Hindes. 


WANTASTIQUECH  RIFLE  CLUB. 
Brattleboro,  Vt. 
President,  Geo.  F.  Gale ;  Vice-President,  L.  Amadon ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
F.  W.  Harris. 


CONNECTICUT. 


CONNECTICUT  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 
Hartford. 
President,  Gen.  Joseph  R.  Hawley ;  Vice-President,  Thomas  F.  Plunkett ;  Sec- 
retary and  Treasurer,  Major  L.  A.  Barbour ;  Executive  Committee,  C.  I. 
BUlings,  O.  E.  Paiard,  U.  Washburn,  G.  W.  Yale,  J.  Johnson. 


FRANKLIN  RIFLE  CLUB. 
Hartford. 
President,  E.  P.  Whitney ;  Vice-President,  S.  A.  Hubbard  ;  Secretary,  J.  G. 
Gomwell ;  Treasurer,  W.  R.  Hopkins  ;  Instructor,  O.  A.  Brown. 


46 

MIDDLETOWN  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 

Middletown. 
Secretary,  F.  C.  Smith. 

NEW  HAVEN  RIFLE  CLUB. 
New  Haven. 


NORWICH  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Norwich. 
President,  C.  M.  Carleton  ;  Vice-Presidents,  Richard  Colbum  and  R.  W.  Parish  ; 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,.  Stiles  J.  Stanton, 


BERLIN  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Berlin. 

President,  S.  Paddock  ;  Secretary,  F.  Hubbard  ;  Treasurer,  M.  Dudley. 


WATERBURY  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Waterbury. 
President^  Geo.  H.  Cowell ;  Secretary,  E.  W.  Smith  ;  Treasurer,  E.  M.  Hulburt. 


PUTNAM  RIFLE  AND  SPORTING  CLUB. 
Putnam. 
President,  E.  T.  Whitmore ;  Vice-President,  C.  C.  Walker ;  Secretary,  W.  A. 
Green  ;  Treasurer,  E.  P.  King. 


NEW  JERSEY. 


BERGEN  POINT  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 
Bergen  Point. 
President,  L.  L.  Spring  ;  Vice-President,   C.  W.  Fuller ;  Secretary,  A.  P.  Vreden- 
burgh  ;  Treasurer,  G.  H.  Gale  ;  Executive  Committee^  Dr.  F.  Y.  Puyn,  R. 
V.  R.  Schuyler  and  A.  Vredenburgh.  ^ 


INDUSTRIAL  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Jersey  City. 

Captain,  N.  Hatch  ;  Secretary,  S.  Clark  ;  Treasurer,  W.  H.  Conklin. 


RAHWAY  RIFLE  CLUB. 
Rah  way. 
President,  Hon.  B.  A.  Vail ;  Vice-President,  G.  M.   Hard ;  Secretary,  Nelson 
Carpenter ;  Treasurer,  J.  W.  Martin. 


47 

COLUMBIA  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 
Guttenberg. 
President,  A.  Ermisch;    Vice-President,  G.  A.   Kimdal ;    Financial  Secretary, 
Chas.  Kimdal ;  Recording  Secretary,  J.  Keintz  ;  Treasurer,  J.  Walker. 


UNITED  SCHUETZEN  ASSOCIATION. 
Union  Hill. 
President,  G.  Aery ;    Vice-Presidents,   W.   F.  Schumann,  and  H.  Wellbrock ; 
Secretary,  H.  D.  Gerdts ;  Treasurer,  H.  Offerman. 


JERSEY  CITY  SCHUETZEN    CORPS. 
Schuetzen  Park,  Greenville. 
Captain,  H.  D.  Schroeder ;  Financial  Secretary,  John  Miller;  Recording  Secre- 
tary, Wm.  Franz ;  Treasurer,  Wm.  Rappe ;   Shooting  Masters,  L.  Muller, 
and  Chas.  Baechler. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


SHARPSHOOTERS'  UNION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Office:  534  &  536  North  Third  St.,  Philadelphia. 
President,  Christian  Mueller  ;  Secretary,  A.  Von  Lehmann  ;   Shooting  Master, 
G.  F.  Bechmann. 


FULTON  RIFLE  ASGOCIATIOJiT. 

Stockton,  Luzerne  Co. 

Secretary,  O.  D.  Fowler. 


WISCONSIN, 


MILWAUKEE  RIFLE  CIJJB. 

Milwaukee. 
President,  John  Nazro ;  Vice-President,  Gen.  E.  W.  Hincks  ;  Secretary,  D.  B, 
Frankenburger ;  Treasurer,  John  Johnston  ;  Directors,  Col.  J.  M.  Arnold, 
John   C.   Wells,   Chauncey   Simonds,   C    L.   Peirce,  J.  H.  Walker,  Rev. 
Myron  W.  Reed,  O.  B.  Hopkins,  W.  A.  Collins,  and  H.  H.  West. 


GREEN  BAY  &  FORT  HOWARD  SHARPSHOOTERS'  ASSOCIATION. 
Green  Bay. 

President,  M.  F.  Kalenbach ;  Vice-President,  M.  English  ;  Secretary,  M.  H. 
Walker ;  Treasurer,  E.  L.  Hale ;  Umpire,  C.  W.  Kellogg ;  Shooting  Mas- 
ter, S.  O.  Brown. 


48 

MICHIGAN. 

DETROIT  RIFLE  CLUB. 
Detroit. 
President,  A.  Howard ;  Vice-President,  Charles  Barnes ;   Secretary,  G.  B.  Ma- 
ther ;  Treasurer,  F.  H.  Ellis  ;  Executive  Committee,  G.  H.  Thomas,  Louis 
Sutter,  and  Geo.  Ludwig. 

JACKSON   RIFLE  CLUB. 
Jackson, 
President,  G.  H.  Woleott ;  Vice-President,  W.  S.  Gridley ;  Secretary,  J.  T.  Har- 
rington ;  Treasurer,  W.  Johnson. 

MONROE  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Monroe. 
President,  F.  H.  Hubbard  ;  Secretary,  V.  Kindler ;  Treasurer,  H.  A.  Conant. 


ILLINOIS. 


CHICAGO  RIFLE  CLUB. 

President,  Col.  R.  S.  Thompson ;  Vice-President,  Gen.  W.  E.  Strong ;  Secre- 
tary, S.  W.  Bumham  ;  Treasurer,  O.  C.  Blackmer  ;  Executive  Committee, 
H.  H.  Handy,  A.  Edwards,  D.  B.  Fisk,  J.  M.  Loomis,  and  H.  G.  House. 

ELGIN  AMATEUR  RIFLE  CLUB. 
Elgin, 
President,  O.   Chisholm ;   Vice-President,  F.  Leman ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
I.  S.  Dumser ;   Executive  Committee,  E.  Hancock,  M.  S.  Moulton,  Chas. 
Lightner,  D.  M.  Turner,  and  D.  E.  Lull. 


CALIFORNIA. 


CALIFORNIA  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 

28  Merchant's  Exchange,  San  Francisco. 
President,  Col.  H.  G.  Shaw  ;  Vice-President,  Col.  J.  McComb  ;  Secretary,  Major 
D.  Wilder ;  Treasurer,  Major-Gen.  Thompson. 

NATIONAL  GUARD  SHOOTING  CLUB. 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

President,  A.  F.  Klose. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  RIFLE    CLUB. 
Berkeley,  Cal. 


49 

OHIO 

FOREST  CITY  RIFLE  ASSOCIATI 
Cleveland. 


INDIANA. 


FORT  WAYNE    RIFLE    CLUB. 

Fort  Wayne. 
President,  Captain  J.  Harper  ;  Vice-Presidents,  Dr.  J.  S.  Gregg,  C.  Grafmiller, 
T,  P.  Cordfrey ;  Secretary,  J.  C.  Beeks ;  Treasurer,  S.  Tam. 


MINNESOTA. 


PRACTICE  RIFLE  CLUB. 

Shakopee. 

Secretary,  C.  A.  Stevens. 


MARYLAND. 


MARYLAND   RIFLE  CLUB. 

Baltimore. 
President,  Gen.  J.  R.  R.  Herbert ;  Vice-President,  C.  D.  Fisher ;   Secretary,  W. 
P.  Herbert ;  Treasurer,  A.  V.  Canfield,  Jr.  ;   Executive  Committee,  D.  H. 
Thomas,  Capt.  Post,  Capt.  Zollinger,  A.  T.  Gibson,  and  W.  C.  Keener. 


GEORGIA. 


SAVANNAH  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 
Savannah. 
President,   Gen.  R.  H.  Anderson  ;  Vice-President,  Col.  B.  B.  Ferrill ;  Secretary 
and  Treasurer,  G\  B.  Pritchard  ;   Executive  Committee,  Dr.  Wm.  Duncan, 
Dr.  J.  T.  McFarland,  Col.  E.  C.  Anderson,  Capt.  J.  W.  McAlpin,  and 
Capt.  W.  C.  Vincent. 


LOUISIANA. 


CRESCENT  CITY  RIFLE  CLUB. 

New  Orleans. 
President,  Col.  W.  J.  Behan  ;   Vice-President,  Col.  W.  T.  Vandry  ;   Secretary, 
Saml.  Mullen  ;  Treasurer,  J.  K.  Renaud. 


50 

PROVINCIAL  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION. 

Nova  Scotia, 

Council :  Col.  Laurie,  Lieut. -Colonels  Bremer,  Pallister,  McKinlay  and  McPher- 
son,  Majors  Ritchie.  C.  J.  McDonald.  Yeomans  and  Murray,  Captains 
Bland,  J.  R.  Graham,  Nelson  and  Sandford,  and  Lieut.  Mclnnis. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK   ENGINEERS'   RIFLE  CLUB. 
St.  John's,  N.B. 

President,  Lieut.-Col.  J.  V.  Thurgar,  Jr. :  Vice-President,  Major  J.  H.  Parks  ; 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  James  Hunter. 

ONTARIO    ANY-RIFLE    ASSOCIATION. 

Hamilton,  Ontario^ 
President,  J.  J.  Mason. 


AMERICAN  RIFLE  CLUB  OF  LIMA. 

Lima,  Peru. 

President,  C.  T.  Rand. 


SI 


SCORING, 
AND    SCORE-CARDS. 


Probably  no  portion  of  rifle  practice  is  more  useful — nay,  indis- 
pensable— to  him  who  would  become  a  Rifleman  worthy  of  the 
name,  than  the  patient  and  accurate  recording  of  every  shot  made, 
in  all  of  its  elements,  and  whatever  its  result.  The  good  shots  are 
useful  for  example  and  encouragement,  the  poor  for  avoidance  of 
the  causes  of  their  failure.  Some  authors  even  go  so  far  as  to  say 
that  **  unless  a  man  finds  out  and  remembers  why  he  misses,  he  will 
never  know  how  to  hit.''  This  is  perhaps  an  over-statement,  as 
doubtless  many  a  man  has  become  a  crack-shot  without  ever  dream- 
ing of  a  detailed  record  ;  but  it  is  nevertheless  true,  in  general  prin- 
ciple, and  the  more  accurate  the  record  and  study  of  practice,  the 
more  rapid  and  sure  will  be  the  improvement  of  the  intelligent  and 
determined  rifleman. 

On  the  following  pages  are  given  blanks  which  will  be  found 
exceedingly  convenient  for  recording  the  results  of  practice,  showing 
Range,  Date,  Class  and  Distance  of  Target,  Kind  and  Caliber  of 
Rifle,  Kind  and  Weight  of  Powder,  Weight  of  Bullet,  Kind  of  Sight, 
Temperature,  Elevation,  Direction  and  Gauge  of  Wind,  Number  and 
Score  of  Shot,  and,  finally,  Total  Score, 

The  cuts  of  the  difl"erent  classes  of  Targets  used  show  the  bull's 
eye  in  a  light  shaded  tint,  which  sufficiently  indicates  its  position 
and  character,  while  leaving  the  surface  light  enough  to  receive 
pencil  marks.  Every  shot,  as  soon  as  made,  is  to  be  marked  with 
its  number  (i,  2,  &c.,)  on  the  portion  of  the  target  which  has  been 
struck,  and  its  score  duly  indicated  opposite  the  corresponding 
number  of  the  record  below  the  target-cuts. 

No  single  form,  it  is  believed,  has  as  yet  been  made  which  com- 
bines more  of  these  necessary  records  in  one ;  and  it  is  hoped  that 
these  forms  may  meet  the  approval  of  Riflemen  in  practical  operation. 

As  many  as  could  be  conveniently  inserted  in  this  little  volume 
without  unduly  increasing  its  bulk  have  been  given.     Simitar  Cards, 


52 

on  fine  Bristol  (the  Long  Range  being  left  blank  on  the  back  for 
Remarks,  the  Short  Range  and  Mid  Range  being  duplicated  together, 
front  and  back)  can  be  had  in  packages  of  20,  for  10  cents  per 
package,  mailed  free  to  any  address  on  receipt  of  the  price,  by 
J.  B.  Ford  &  Co.,  Publishers,  27  Park  Place,  New  York.  Or  they 
can  be  had,  at  the  same  price,  of  any  Newsdealer  or  Bookseller  who 
supplies  the  book. 


SCORE    CARDS. 


Scor^arosnil^e  samples  on  page  53  and  after,  printed  on  fine 
Bristol  board  (the  Long  Range  being  left  blank  on  the  back  for 
Remarks,  the  Short  Range  and  Mid  Range  being  duplicated  to- 
gether, front  and  back)  can  be  had  in  packages  of  20,  for  10  cents 
per  package,  from  any  Bookseller,  or  will  be  mailed,  post-paid,  on 
receipt  of  price,  by  the  publishers, 

J.  B.   FORD  &  CO., 

27  Park  Place,  New  York. 


Long  Range  Score  Card. 


RANGE . 

DATE. 

RIFLE. 

CALIBRE. 

Target. 

Yds. 

No.  of  Shot. 

Score. 

Elevation. 

Wind  Gauge. 

Direction  Wind 

i 

It 

1 

2 

3 

4 

1 

5 

6 

1 

7 

t< 

8 

1 

i 
II 

9 

i 

10 

11 

12 

'  f 

13 

I 

14 

1 

15 

^ 

Long  Range  Score  Card. 


RANGE. 

DATE. 

RIPLB. 

CAUBBE. 

Target. 

Yds. 

No.  Of  Shot. 

Score. 

Elevation. 

Wind  Gange.  'Direction  Wind 

i 

II 

II 

1 

2 

3 

4 

GQ 

5 

6 

7 

Eh 

8 

i 
ii 

n 

9 

10 

11 

12 

f 

13 

14 

15 

^ 

Ijong  Mange  Score  Card, 


Target, 


Yds. 


No.  of  Shot. 

Score. 

Elevation. 

Wind  Gauge. 

Direction  Wind 

i 

II 

S    '53 
t    o 

1 

2 

3 

4 

. 

5 

t 

6 

1 

7 

B 

8 

i 
11 

9 

10 

11 

12 

f 

13 

'i 

14 

i" 

15 

t< 

Long  Mange  Score  Card, 


RANGE. 

DATE. 

KIPLE. 

CAT.TBRE, 

Target. 

Yds. 

No.  of  Shot. 

Score. 

Elevation. 

Wind  Gauge.  Direction  Wind 

t! 

1 

2 

8 

4 

i 

5 

6 

1 

o 

7 

■ 

t^ 

8 

1 
1 

i 

9 

10 

1 

• 

11 

1 

12 

1 

13 

14 

1 

15 

■ 

^ 

RANQB. 
BIFLB. 


Mid  Range  Score  Card. 

DATE, 


Yards. 


Yards. 


1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

§■6 

5^ 

fi 

d 

1 

1 

it 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 

i 

1 

as 

1 
1 

5 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

8 

9 

9 

10 

10 

Total 
Score 

Total 
Score 

Mid  Range  Score  Card. 


Yards. 


Yards. 


1 

1 

1 

1 

I? 

So 

i 

!! 

IS 

1 

O 
1 

m 

i 

^5 

II 

<5« 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 

1 

1 

1 

5 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

8 

9 

9 

10 

10 

1 

Total 
Score 

Total 
Score 

Mid  Mange  Score  Card. 

DATE. 


Yards. 


Yards. 


i 

i 

1 

1 

If 

5^ 

i 
If 

1 

_ 

1 

?5 

A« 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

4 

4 

6 

1 

^1 

1 

5 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

8 

9 

9 

10 

10 

Total 
Score 

Total 
Score 

Mid  Mange  Score  Card, 

DATE. 


Yards. 


Yards. 


1 

00 

i 

i 

1 
1 

^1 

5^ 

1  M 

1 

1 

2 

1 

ll 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 

1 

It 

1 

5 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

8 

9 

9 

10 

10 

Total 
Score 

Total 
Score 

Short  Mange  Record, 


DATE, 

DATE, 

DATE, 

Shot  No. 

Score. 

Shot  No. 

Score. 

Shot  No. 

Score. 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

7 

7 

7 

8 

8 

8 

9 

9 

9 

10 

10 

10 

Total, 

Total, 

Total, 

REMARKS. 


Short  Hange  Record, 


DATE, 

DATE, 

DATE, 

Shot  No. 

Score. 

Shot  No. 

Score. 

Shot  No. 

Score. 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

7 

7 

7 

8 

8 

8 

9 

d 

9 

10 

10 

10 

Total, 

Total, 

Total, 

BEMAEES. 


Shori}  JEtange  Hecord. 


DATE, 

DATE, 

DATE, 

Shot  No. 

Score. 

Shot  No. 

Score . 

Shot  No. 

Score. 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

7 

7 

7 

.8 

8 

8 

9 

9 

9 

10 

10 

10 

Total, 

Total, 

Total, 

REMARKS, 


HENRY  C.  SQUIRES, 

JVo.    1    COBTLANDT  ST.,   N.T., 

(Third  Door  from  Broadway,) 

IMPORTER     OF 

GUNS  &  PISTOLS. 


I  would  call  attention  to  my  LARGE  STOCK  OF  RIFLES, 
by  Sharps,  Remin(tTOn,  Maynard,  Wesson,  Ballard,  Wln- 
CHESTER,  and  others. 


CARTRIDGES  &  AMMUNITION  OF  ALL  KINDS. 


I  am  also  Agent  for  the  Far-Killing  PRIZE  GUNS  of 
W.  W.  Greener  ;  and  have  in  Stock  a  Fine  Assortment  of  GUNS 
of  W.  &  C.  Scott  &  Son,  P.  Webley  &  Son,  J.  P.  Clabrough, 
and  others. 


Special  Attention  Given  to  the  Importation  of 

Fine  Breech' Loading  Shot  Guns. 

— ♦ — 

New  York  Agent  for  Holabird's  Shooting  Suits  and 
Dittman's  New  Powder. 


Send  35  Cents  for  larsre  Illnstrated  Catalotrue  of  Guns,  containingr 
Game  Lairs  for  all  the  S^tate^,  and  other  intcrestins:  matter. 


§XMp  ^priing  l0toirer. 


ORANGE    LIGHTNING   POWDER, 

The  strongest  and  cleanest  Powder  made.  ISTos.  1  to  7,  packed 
only  in  sealed  1  lb,  canisters.  The  coarser  sizes  (higher  num- 
bers) especially  are  recommended  to  owners  of  fine  breech- 
loading  guns,  giving  great  penetration  with  very  slight  recoil. 


ORANGE    DUCKING    POWDER, 

For  water  fowl.    Yery  strong  and  clean.    Nos.  1  to  5.    Pack- 
ed in  metal  kegs  of  Q}{  lbs.  each,  and  in  canisters  of  1  and  5  lbs. 


ORANGE   RIFLE    POWDER. 

The  best  for  rifles  and  for  all  ordinary  purposes.  Sizes  F.g, 
FF.g,  the  last  being  the  finest.  Packed  in  wood  and  metal 
kegs  of  25  lbs.,  12>^  lbs.,  and  6^  Ihs.,  and  in  canisters  of  1  lb. 
and  K  lb. 


CREEDMOOR    BRAND, 

No.  1  and  No.  2.    Packed  in  6)^  lb.  kegs.    Believed  to  be  en- 
tirely unsurpassed  for  long  range  shooting. 


All  of  the  above  give  high  velocities  and  less  residuum  than 
any  other  brands  made. 

Blasting,  mining,  and  shipping  i3owcler  of  all  grades  and  sizes 
packed  in  wood  or  metal  kegs  of  25  lbs. 

Safety  fuse  and  electrical  blasting  apparatus. 


LAFLIN  &  RAND  POWDER  CO., 

26  MUJRBAY  ST.,  JSf.Y. 

Sole  proprietors  and  manufacturers  of  the  celebrated 
ORANGE  brand  of  GUNPOWDER.  Recommended  and  used 
by  Oapt.  A.  H.  BOGARDUS,  the  ''Champion  Wing  Shot  of 
the  World." 


ImBi  aul) 


A  WEEKLY  JOURNAL  OF  SIXTEEN   PAGES, 

DEVOTED   TO 

FIELD    SPORTS, 

PRACTICAL    NATURAL    HISTORY, 

FISH   CULTURE, 

Protection  of  (lame,  Preservation  of  Poresis,  Boating   and  Yacliiing, 
RIFLE     I>RA.CTICE, 

AND   ALL 

OUT  DOOR  RECREATION  AND  STUDY. 


It  is  the  only  Journal  in  this  country  that  fully  supplies  the  wants 
and  meets  the  necessities  of  the  Gentleman  Sportsman 

Terms,  $5.00  a  Year, 

j^"'  Send  for  a  Specimen  Copy. 

FOREST  k  STREAM  PUB.  CO., 

17  Chatham  St.  {City  Hall  Sqnai'e\ 
Post  Office  Box  2832.  New  York. 


The  Surveyor  General  of  Washington  Territory,  who  sends  a  club  of  five  sub- 
scribers, writes,  saying:  "  I  consider  that  j^our  journal  has  done  more  to  properly 
educate  the  sportsmen  of  this  country  than  all  the  other  publications  put  together. 
1  shall  induce  every  true  sportsmen  to  become  a  subscriber  that  I  can." 

"Mr.  Thomas  A.  Logan  (''Gloan")  says:  "...  You  are  doing  good  work 
with  the  paper,  and  you  have — more  and  probably  greater  than  you  dream  of— the 
wishes  and  God  speed  of  the  gentlejnen  of  the  gun.  ' 

Hundreds  of  similar  endorsements  from  prominent  gentlemen  sportsmen  might 
be  added,  showing  the  estimation  in  which  Forest  and  Stream  is  held  by  its 
readers. 


NEW    SPORTING    BOOKS. 


By  Captain   A.   II.   Bog^ardus, 

''  Champion  Wing-Shot  "  of  the  World. 
PFz^/i  Steel  Portrait  and  Engraving  of  the  ^'Champion  Medal y 

I  vol.,  i2mo.  Fancy  Stamped  Cloth.  $2.00. 
A  compendium  of  many  years  of  experience,  giving  hints  for  skilled 
marksmen  and  instructions  for  young  sportsmen,  describing  the 
haunts  and  habits  of  game  birds,  flight  and  resorts  of  water-fowl, 
breeding  and  breaking  of  dogs,  and  everything  of  interest  to  the 
sportsman.  The  author  knows  a  gun  as  Hiram  Woodruff  knew  a 
horse.  And  he  has  the  same  careful  and  competent  editor  who  put 
Woodruff's  "Trotting  Horse  of  America"  into  shape — Chas.  J. 
Foster,  editor  of  The  Neiv  York  Sportsman. 

"  No  sportsman  can  peruse  this  book 
without  profit  and  instruction  ;  while  to 
the  young  beginner  with  the  gun,  and  the 
amateur  who  can  spend  but  a  few  months 
in  the  year  in  this  healthful  and  delight- 
ful pursuit,  it  is  invaluable." — Wilkes' 
'  Sp ir  it  of  the  Tim es . 

"His  advice  to  young  sportsmen  and 
his  opinions  as  to  the  best  haunts  of 
birds  are  worthy  of  serious  consideration, 


as  they  are  founded  on  close  observa- 
tion and  careful  study." — Forest  and 
Stream. 

"  All  that  it  is  needful  about  guns, 
equipment,  the  haunts  and  habits  of 
different  kinds  of_  game,  together  with 
hints  and  suggestions,  the  best  seasons 
for  indulging  in  sport,  and  as  to  close 
time,  etc.,  will  be  found  in  these  pages." 
— London  Land  and  Water. 


AMERICAN  WILD  -  FOWL  SHOOTING. 

By  JOSEPH  W.  LONG. 

I  vol.,  i2mo.  Illustrated.  Fancy  Stamped  Cloth.  $2.00. 
A  book  of  practical  specific  instruction  as  to  the  different  species, 
habits,  haunts  and  pursuits  of  wild-fowl,  the  building  and  use  of 
blinds,  boats,  decoys,  &c.,  the  training  of  water  retrievers,  and  many 
miscellaneous  hints  of  great  value  to  hunters  of  wild  game-fowl. 
Full  of  admirable  descriptions,  adventure,  &c.i  &c.  The  only  book 
of  the  kind  in  the  English  language. 

*'  This  work  is  well  written,  by  one 
who  is  thoroughly  postedin  all  kinds  of 
wild-fowl  shooting  in  this  country,  and 
is  very  readable." — Chicago  Field. 

*'  No  book  of  its  kind,  so  full  in  detail, 
so  accurate  in  information,  has  ever  ap- 
peared ;  and  its  author,  who  is  a  wild- 
fowler  of  vast  experience,  has  something 
to  tell,  and  he  tells  it  in  a  manner  which 
proves   that,  like  a  true  sportsman,  he 

(H^^  To  be  had  of  all  Booksellers,  or  luill  be  sent  to  any  address, 
post-paid,  on  i^eceipt  of  the  price  by 

J.  B.  FORI>  &  CO.,  Publisliers, 

27  Park  Place.  New  York. 


has  an  eye  to  literar^'^  effect  as  well  as 
to  successful  duck-shooting." — Chicago 
Inter-Ocean. 

''  Mr.  Long's  book  is  one  of  the^  best 
on  the  subject  ever  published.  It  is  full 
of  valuable  suggestions  and  practical 
details." — New  York  World. 

''  Fills  a  vacuum  in  sportsman's  litera- 
ture that  has  long  been  felt." — Tic^f. 
Field  and  Farm. 


THE    NEW    DOG    BOOK. 


The  American  Kennel 

AND  Sporting  Field. 

I  vol.     Square  8vo.     Illustrated.     $4. 
By  Arnold  Burges,  late  Editor  of  the  American  Sportsman, 


A,  Treatise  on  the  Breeding,  Breaking,  and  practical  use  of  fine 
Dogs,  with  over  300  Pedigrees  of  Imported  and  Native  Dogs  of  the 
best  Strains.  Below  are  given  the  titles  of  the  chapters,  by  which  a 
general  view  may  be  had  of  the  scope  and  contents  of  the  book  : 

CONTENTS. 

Origin  of  the  Dog  :  Some  Sporting  Breeds— What  Constitutes  a  Good 
Dog — Choosing  a  Dog — Dogs  adapted  to  Sporting  in  America—  ' 
Breeding — Breaking  Young  and  Old  Dogs — Kennel  Management, 
Recipes  and  Treatment  of  Diseases,  etc, — The  Sportsman's  Li- 
brary— Pedigrees  of  English  Setters — Pedigrees  of  Gordon  Set- 
ters— Pedigrees  of  Irish  Setters — Native  Setters — Cross-Bred 
Setters — Pointers— Spaniels  of  Various  Breeds— Field  Trials  and 
Bench  Shows  [including  all  the  awards  made  at  public  shows  and  trials 
from  Oct.,  '74i  to  Dec,  '75.] 


''  Since  the  appearance  of  Frank  Forester's  standard  work  on  Field  Sports,  the 
most  valuable  addition  in  kindred  literature.  .  .  .  Beautifully  printed,  with 
numerous  elegant  portraits  of  distinguished  setters." — Sj>irit  of  the  Times. 

"  The  whole  chapter  on  [on  Brcakifig]  is  so  close  and  concise  in  its  directions, 
so  stripped  of  the  useless  elaborations  .  .  .  that  any  intelligent  boy  can  break 
a  dog  thoroughly'  well,  and  any  business  man  can  in  his  brief  intervals  of  leisure 
make  a  first  and  successful  attempt  at  educating  a  dog  over  which  he  can  enjoy 
good  sport  in  its  season.  .  .  .  This  chapter  on  Pedigrees  alone  is  worth  more 
than  the  cost  of  the  book  to  any  sportsman.  ...  Its  value  is  incalculable." — 
Chicago  Field. 

"  This  work  is  by  far  the  best  of  its  kind  which  has  ever  been  produced  in 
America.  .  .  .  Its  '  kennel  management' is  perfection." — Manchester  Mirror 
and  Farmer. 

"  It  is  the  very  best  book  of  its  class  that  we  have  seen." — Phila,  Press. 


To  be  had  of  all  Booksellers,  or  will  be  sent  to  any  address, 
post-paid,  on  receipt  of  the  price  by 

J.  B.  FORD  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

27  Park  Place,  New  York. 


FOURTEEN  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 

25Nov'55G6 

^'t  "   '  ■ 

1 

] 

YA  02624 


iV^13068 


:1 


